Cellulose nanocrystals preparation from microcrystalline cellulose using ionic liquid-DMSO binary mixture as a processing medium

Haron, Gamal Abdalla Suliman; Mahmood, Hamayoun; Noh, Hilmi Bin; Goto, Masahiro; Moniruzzaman, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118208

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…On the other hand, the results show the effect of time on the hydrolysis reaction, and the highest yield of CNC was obtained after 3 h with both binary DES (see Tables 1, 2). It is essential to highlight that longer reaction times were not considered based on other processes reported in the literature for obtaining CNC and getting a moderate energy cost process (Tan et al, 2015;Babicka et al, 2022;Haron et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ternary eutectic solvent for cellulose nanocrystal production: exploring the recyclability and pre-pilot scale-up

Mariño,

Paredes,

Martinez

et al. 2023

Front. Chem.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DES) formed using choline chloride (ChCl), p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) of stoichiometry ChCl: pTSA (1:1) and (1:2), and its ternary eutectic mixtures with phosphoric acid (PA) 85% as an additive (ChCl: pTSA: PA) were evaluated for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) isolation. Initially, the hydrolytic efficiency to produce CNC of each DES was compared before and after adding phosphoric acid by Hammett acidity parameters and the Gutmann acceptor number. Moreover, different DES molar ratios and reaction time were studied at 80°C for CNC optimization. The nanomaterial characteristics were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ternary eutectic mixture ChCl: pTSA: PA molar ratio (1:1:1.35) was chosen as a suitable recyclable ternary system at the laboratory scale. A CNC yield of about 80% was obtained from the hydrolysis of commercial cellulose in five cycles of recovery, but it dropped to 35% in pre-pilot scaling. However, no variation in the average size of the resulting CNC was observed (132 ± 50 nm x 23 ± 4 nm), which presented high thermal stability (Tmax 362°C) and high crystallinity of about 80% after 3 h of reaction time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ternary eutectic solvent for cellulose nanocrystal production: exploring the recyclability and pre-pilot scale-up

Mariño,

Paredes,

Martinez

et al. 2023

Front. Chem.

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“…But, more mechanical energy is consumed to degrade the enzymatically hydrolyzed cellulose (Zhang, Xue, Zhang, & Zhao, 2012). Ionic liquid (IL), as both the solvent and catalyst, can also dissolve and selectively hydrolyze the amorphous regions in cellulose to obtain CNC with high crystallinity (Babicka, Woźniak, Dwiecki, Borysiak, & Ratajczak, 2020; Haron, Mahmood, Noh, Goto, & Moniruzzaman, 2022). Nevertheless, there are still several problems that impede the efficient preparation of CNC, for example, ILs have high‐viscosity, time‐consuming dissolution process and high dissolution temperature (Cheng, Zhao, Ouyang, Sun, & Wu, 2021).…”

Section: Nc Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocelluloses review: Preparation, biological properties, safety, and applications in the food field

Wang

et al. 2023

Food Frontiers

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Functional diet and food safety requirements, as well as reducing the consumption of nonrenewable resources and environmental pollution are the important development themes on food processing. The development and application of edible nanocelluloses (NCs) is an urgent need in the current food field. NCs are divided into three types, including cellulose nanofibrils, and cellulose nanocrystals from natural fibers, as well as bacterial cellulose synthesized by bacteria. In this review, recent developments in surface modification, biological properties, safety issues, and their applications in the food industry were highlighted. NCs have application limits due to native hydrophilicity, surface modification strengthens their hydrophobicity and stability in the oil phase. NCs exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and successfully be used as edible coatings, emulsion stabilizers, and functional food ingredients. In particular, NCs and modified NCs can be used as low‐calorie fat substitutes and prebiotics for improving gut microbiota. However, the biological properties and safety assessments still require more attention, as well as establishing the regulations for food applications.

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“…The optimized preparation of CNCs by [Hmim][HSO 4 ] followed the same procedure in our last work 10 (Figures 1 and 2). The range and levels of the studied factors (Table 1) were selected based on the literature and preliminary study.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nanocellulose and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of ionic liquids in the production of nanocellulose has been proposed as a potential solution to these challenges. ILs are unique in that they have low volatility and high thermal stability making them ideal for use in the production of nanocellulose 7,9–12 . They also can dissolve a wide range of cellulosic materials which allows for the efficient production of nanocellulose with tunable properties such as particle size, degree of substitution, and crystal structure 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ILs are unique in that they have low volatility and high thermal stability making them ideal for use in the production of nanocellulose. 7,[9][10][11][12] They also can dissolve a wide range of cellulosic materials which allows for the efficient production of nanocellulose with tunable properties such as particle size, degree of substitution, and crystal structure. 13,14 This can be beneficial for the development of nanocellulosic materials with specific properties for various usages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and characterization of 3D printable nanocomposite filament based on cellulose nanocrystals and polylactic acid using ionic liquids

Haron,

Mahmood,

Noh

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanocellulose, which is biodegradable and possesses excellent physicochemical properties, has high potential in many applications. However, its intrinsic hydrophilic nature makes it difficult to be used as fillers in most hydrophobic polymer composites. Here, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully prepared using 1‐hexly‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Hmim][HSO4] ionic liquid under optimized conditions at 71°C, ultra‐sonication amplitude of 69%, and ultrasonication time of 23 min. The prepared CNCs were surface‐modified using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4]. A 3D printable nanocomposite filament containing CNCs embedded in polylactic acid was fabricated via extrusion process at 170°C. The prepared filaments were characterized using universal testing machine, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR. It was shown that CNCs had a diameter and length of 10–24 and 60–400 nm, respectively. It was also found that incorporating 2 wt% of CNCs into the matrix phase increased filaments tensile strength by 2.5% (from 54.59 to 57.35 MPa) due to the plasticization effect of [Bmim][BF4]. The prepared composites exhibited lower activation energies compared to neat PLA due to the small traces of sulfate group on F‐CNC. The mechanical attributes of CNCs/PLA nanocomposites were retained at values comparable to that of fresh PLA and were demonstrated to be 3D printable.

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Cellulose nanocrystals preparation from microcrystalline cellulose using ionic liquid-DMSO binary mixture as a processing medium

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

A ternary eutectic solvent for cellulose nanocrystal production: exploring the recyclability and pre-pilot scale-up

A ternary eutectic solvent for cellulose nanocrystal production: exploring the recyclability and pre-pilot scale-up

Nanocelluloses review: Preparation, biological properties, safety, and applications in the food field

Fabrication and characterization of 3D printable nanocomposite filament based on cellulose nanocrystals and polylactic acid using ionic liquids

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