Cellulose nanocrystals/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite films: Effect of preparation method and loading on the optical, thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties

Abstract

Rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with aspect ratio of 17.10 were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose using sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. CNCs/ poly(methyl methacrylate) (CPM) nanocomposites were fabricated in two different ways, including in situ prepared CPM nanocomposites (ICPM) and ex situ prepared CPM nanocomposites (ECPM). The ICPM nanocomposites were first synthesized via free radical graft copolymerization with initiator ceric ammonium nitride (CAN), and then prepared by solution casting method. The ECPM nanocomposites were prepared by solvent exchange and solution casting method. Characterizations of ICPM nanocomposites were fully conducted. Grafting was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the molecular weight of graft chains were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The performances of ICPM and ECPM nanocomposite films were studied with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultravioletvisible (UV-vis) transmittance spectroscopy, wideangle X-ray Diffraction (WXRD) patterns, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile test and oxygen permeation analysis.

Study of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) & Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composite Film Modified Using Silica and Polybutylene Terephthalate(PBT) As a Transparent, Hydrophobic, Self-Cleaning Cover

“…The crystallinity index (CI) was calculated by using equation 1for those planes and it was 74.38%, as predicted according to acid concentration during hydrolysis period. The CI value obtained is comparable to nano-cellulose reported in many literatures [28,29,32]. The small deviations showed is due to the aberrant hydrolysis process.…”

“…But this was obtained without chemical treatment or hot-pressing of PVA to obtained high transparency. [28] Water Contact Angle Test The water drop test indicated an apparent average WCA of 87.8°. The test was carried out with multiple readings in different directions for a single drop of tap water, as shown in the Fig.…”

Preparation and characterization of starch‐based composite films reinforced by apricot and walnut shells

“…Different techniques have been applied to overcome these shortcomings, but fillers reinforcement into the matrix to develop composite is the most efficient technique to improve the tensile strength (TS) and young's modulus of the films . Numerous reinforcing agents have also been used to improve the mechanical properties of the starch film . Recently, polysaccharide‐based crystals, cellulose, chitin, and starch crystals on nanoscale bases have also been applied in composite films .…”

Biocidal activity of curcumin and cationic polymer possessing composites

“…In particular, mechanical stability, gas barrier properties, and antibacterial properties support studies in this area. 9,10 PMMA is one of the important materials used in a variety of optical devices such as polymer optical fibers, optical films for liquid-crystal displays, optical disks, lenses, and so on because of its exceptional clarity in the visible range. 9,11 Curcumin is an important representative of easily metabolized curcuminoids and biocompatible and biodegradable polyphenolic compounds.…”