Cellulose fatty acid esters as sustainable film materials – effect of side chain structure on barrier and mechanical properties

Kulomaa, Tuomas; Matikainen, Jorma; Karhunen, Pirkko; Heikkilä, Mikko; Fiskari, Juha; Kilpeläinen, Ilkka

doi:10.1039/c5ra12671a

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, it was found that wax acts as a plasticizer or a defect point for the initiation and propagation of stress cracking and a weak point in stress transfer during deformation of polyethylene‐wax blends . In the case of TOFA‐treated samples, the ultimate dry‐strength reduction might be attributed to the heterogeneous composition of TOFA due to the presence of mono‐unsaturated and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids along with other compounds, which result in a nonuniform structure . The CTO and DTO, however, are composed of considerable amount of rosin acids that can penetrate into the cell walls of fibers and form an interpenetrating network therein .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors reported that the addition of TOFA considerably improved the dimensional stability of MDF panels, although it was still inferior when compared to that provided by hydrowax. Modification of cellulosic fibers with various types of TOFA such as saturated, unsaturated, and branched fatty acids enhanced the thermal stability and decreased the water vapor transmission rates as compared to commercial polyethylene …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modification of cellulosic fibers with various types of TOFA such as saturated, unsaturated, and branched fatty acids enhanced the thermal stability and decreased the water vapor transmission rates as compared to commercial polyethylene. 20 The aforementioned studies indicate a great potential for using tall oil and its derivatives for enhancing the performances of cellulosic fibers and the products produced thereof. Therefore, the main objective of present study was to promote the knowledge in utilization of bio-based polymers for improving the material properties of cellulosic fibers by (1) exploring the effect of crude and purified tall oil treatments on chemical structure, water vapor sorption behavior, tensile strength, and thermal stability of cellulosic paper and (2) comparing the results with that of petroleumbased hydrowax.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of different tall oils for improving the water resistance of cellulosic fibers

Hosseinpourpia

Αδαμόπουλος

Parsland

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study was conducted to assess the effect of the pulping by‐products crude tall oil (CTO), distilled tall oil (DTO), and tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) on dynamic water vapor sorption behavior, interfiber strength, and thermal stability of cellulosic paper‐sheets. The results were compared against those obtained in cellulose papers treated with the conventional petroleum‐derived hydrophobic agent hydrowax and in untreated ones. The tall oil treatments caused strong reduction in equilibrium moisture content of the paper‐sheets during adsorption and desorption runs. The same trend was noticed for the hydrowax‐treated papers, however, it was less pronounced than the CTO‐treated and DTO‐treated samples in the relative humidity range of 75–95%. The sorption hysteresis was considerably decreased after the treatments. The ultimate dry‐tensile strengths of the paper‐sheets were significantly reduced by TOFA and hydrowax treatments, while CTO and DTO showed comparable strength as that of untreated control. The ultimate wet‐strengths of the paper‐sheets were improved after the treatments. The thermal stability of the specimens was improved by the tall oil treatments, and the hydrowax‐treated samples illustrated lower degradation temperature than the untreated control. The results are promising for the use of tall oils as alternative hydrophobic agents of cellulosic fiber‐based products, such as wood panels and paper packaging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47303.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of different tall oils for improving the water resistance of cellulosic fibers

Hosseinpourpia

Αδαμόπουλος

Parsland

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…pyridine and triethylamine, are applied (Heinze et al 2006). This procedure is widely used for the preparation of cellulose fatty acid esters with different lengths of aliphatic chains (Crepy et al 2011;de Menezes et al 2009;Granstrom et al 2011;Kulomaa et al 2015;Zhang et al 2015a, b). In the case of the esterification in pyridine, pyridine not only acts as the solvent, but also acts as a catalyst via forming a reactive intermediate driving the reaction forward.…”

Section: Fundamental Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

et al. 2018

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As the most abundant biopolymer in nature, cellulose has become a fascinating building block for the design of functional nanomaterials. Owing to the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups, cellulose provides a unique platform for the preparation of new materials via versatile chemical modifications. This critical review aims to present the advances about nanomaterials based on cellulose derivatives with the focus on cellulose esters within the last two decades, including the chemistry and application of these nanostructured materials. This review starts with the introduction on first fundamental aspects about diverse esterification techniques used up to now to modify cellulose. The in situ esterification for the isolation of nanocelluloses and diverse post esterification methods of nanocelluloses for the surface functionalization were highlighted in the following description. Various esterification strategies and further nanostructure constructions have been developed aiming to confer specific properties to cellulose esters, extending therefore their feasibility for highly sophisticated applications, which were summarized with respect to the categories of the introduced ester moieties. Thus, this review assembles and emphasizes the state-of-art knowledge of functional nanomaterials derived from diverse esterified cellulose compounds.

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“…NC modification with tall oil based on saturated, unsaturated, and branched FAs causes increase in thermal stability and retain maximum strain and elastic modulus comparable to the values of commercial products. [28] However, the incorporation of more reactive double bonds through chemical modification of VOs/ FAs with maleic anhydride (MA) makes them more suitable for free radical polymerization [29] causing an improvement of elasticity and flexural modulus of the composites by nearly 50%. [15] In this work, modified nanocellulose (m-NC) with unsaturated FAs was used as reactive reinforcement able to improve mechanical properties of produced UPe/m-NC nanocomposites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐Linkable Modified Nanocellulose/Polyester Resin‐Based Composites: Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Nanocellulose Modification on Material Performances

Rušmirović

Rančić

Pavlović

et al. 2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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Unsaturated fatty acid (FA)–modified nanocellulose (m‐NC) shows potential application in improving mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester/m‐NC nanocomposites (UPe/m‐NC). A polyester matrix is obtained by polycondensation of maleic anhydride and products of poly(ethylene terephthalate) depolymerization with propylene glycol. Two methods of NC modification are performed: direct esterification with oleic acid, linseed, or sunflower oil FAs, and esterification/amidation with maleic acid/ethylene diamine (MA/EDA) bridging group followed by amidation with methyl ester of FAs. Increases of stress at break in the ranges from 148.8% to 181.4% and from 155.8% to193.0% for UPe/m‐NC composites loaded with 1 wt% of NC modified directly or via MA/EDA cross‐linker, respectively, are obtained. Results of the modeling of tensile modulus, by using the Cox–Krenchel model, show good agreement with experimentally obtained data. The effect of FAs' cross‐linking capabilities on the dynamic‐mechanical and thermal properties of the UPe/m‐NC is studied. Cross‐linking density, modulus, and Tg of the nanocomposite show appropriate relation with the unsaturation extent/structure of NC modification.

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Cellulose fatty acid esters as sustainable film materials – effect of side chain structure on barrier and mechanical properties

Abstract: Bio-based films were prepared by acylation of cellulose with saturated, unsaturated and branched fatty acids. The products showed increased thermal stability, low water vapour transmission rates and enhanced tensile and elastic properties.

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Utilization of different tall oils for improving the water resistance of cellulosic fibers

Utilization of different tall oils for improving the water resistance of cellulosic fibers

Functional nanomaterials through esterification of cellulose: a review of chemistry and application

Cross‐Linkable Modified Nanocellulose/Polyester Resin‐Based Composites: Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Nanocellulose Modification on Material Performances

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