Cellulose exopolysaccharide from sugarcane molasses as a suitable substrate for 2D and 3D neuron and astrocyte primary cultures

Abstract

Bacteria-synthesized polysaccharides have attracted interest for biomedical applications as promising biomaterials to be used as implants and scaffolds. The present study tested the hypothesis that cellulose exopolysaccharide (CEC) produced from sugarcane molasses of low cost and adequate purity would be suitable as a template for 2D and 3D neuron and/or astrocyte primary cultures, considering its low toxicity. CEC biocompatibility in these primary cultures was evaluated with respect to cell viability, adhesion, growth and cell function (calcium imaging). Polystyrene or Matrigel® matrix were used as comparative controls. We demonstrated that the properties of this CEC in the 2D or 3D configurations are suitable for differentiation of cortical astrocytes and neurons in single or mixed cultures. No toxicity was detected in neurons that showed NMDA-induced Ca influx. Unlike other polysaccharides of bacterial synthesis, the CEC was efficient as a support even in the absence of surface conjugation with extracellular matrix proteins, maintaining physiological characteristics of cultured neural cells. These observations open up the perspective for development of a novel 3D biofunctional scaffold produced from bacterial cellulose and obtained from renewable sources whose residues are not pollutants. Its low cost and possibility to be manufactured in scale are also suitable for potential applications in regenerative medicine.

BIO-NAIL: a bacterial cellulose dressing as a new alternative to preserve the nail bed after avulsion

“…The bacterial cellulose (BC) dressing, a biopolymerbased on a biosynthetic exopolysaccharide [5], is considered a material with low toxicity [6,7] and biocompatible [8,9], with properties suitable for biomedical applications (high degree of purity, biodegradability, elasticity and flexibility) [10][11][12]. It has been used in different clinical trials, such as hypospadias surgery [13], tympanic perforation [14] and chronic varicose ulcers [15].…”

Use of Industrial Wastes as Sustainable Nutrient Sources for Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Production: Mechanism, Advances, and Future Perspectives

“…Gonçalves-Pimentel et al [ 97 ] conducted experiments on BC as a support for the growth of retinal pigment epithelium, showing that all surface-modified BC substrates showed similar permeation coefficients with solutes of up to 300 kDa. Surface modification of BC greatly improved the proliferation and adhesion of retinal pigment epithelium cells.…”

“…Next is cellulose biosynthesis by using different types of microorganisms; (i) bacteria (gram-negative: Alcaligenes [ 149 ], Salmonella , Enterobacter , Pseudomonas [ 150 ], Gluconacetobacter xylinus [ 151 ], Agrobacterium [ 152 ], Komagataeibacter Medellinensis [ 153 ], Aerobacter , Achromobacter insuavis [ 154 ], Rhizobium leguminosarum [ 155 ], Acetobacter spp. [ 156 ], Acetobacter xylinum [ 157 ], Zoogloea [ 97 ], and gram-positive: Sarcina ventriculi [ 158 ], Leifsonia sp [ 159 ], Rhizosphere bacterium , Bacillus subtilis [ 70 , 160 ]); (ii) fungi ( Aspergillus ornatus [ 161 ], Penicillium sp. [ 162 , 163 ], Aspergillus terreus MS105 [ 164 ], Aspergillus terreus M1 [ 165 ], Aspergillus niger , Rhizopus sp.…”

A review of functionalised bacterial cellulose for targeted biomedical fields

“…177 In another study where BC was used as a substrate for 2 D and 3 D neuron and astrocyte primary cultures, it was determined that cortical astrocytes and neurons were suitable for differentiation either alone or in mixed culture. 178 It was determined that BC has good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility in peripheral nerve cells and tissues and there is no difference between BC membrane and glass slip in terms of the morphology and functions of Schwann cells. Besides, no significant difference was observed between the serum biochemistry parameters and tissue reactions of the nerve conduit obtained from BC implanted in the spatium intermuscular of the rats compared to the control group.…”