Cellulose degradation in newsprint paper ageing

Deacidification of Acidic Books and Paper by Means of Non-aqueous Dispersions of Alkaline Particles: A Review Focusing on Completeness of the Reaction

“…In addition, in the case of paper containing groundwood fibers or other mechanical pulp fibers, acidity was contributed by fatty acids and resin acids from the wood (Back and Allen 2000). The latter effect may explain why some researchers have been especially concerned about the acid-catalyzed hydrolytic degradation during storage of books containing mechanically pulped fibers (Barrow 1953;Bukovský 1999;Kacik et al 2009). Though alum and natural acidic compounds present in wood appear to play a major role in reaching an initial damaging level of breakdown of cellulose, it appears that much of their effect is indirect.…”

“…Stephens et al (2008a) observed striking differences in molecular mass when comparing naturally aged documents, and they were able to correlate the differences with pH and other indicators of acidity of the papers. Methods of detecting molecular mass, in studies of paper aging, have included viscometry (Kolar and Novak 1996;Selli et al 1998;Ramin et al 2009) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Potthast et al 2008;Kacik et al 2009;Lojewski 2010;Łojewski et al 2011;Ahn et al 2012cAhn et al , 2013Becker et al 2016;Potthast and Ahn 2017). An advantage of GPC is that it provides information about the distribution of molecular masses.…”

“…One such hypothesis, which may merit research attention, is whether, upon reaching the surface of an alkaline particle within paper, there fails to be a neutralization reaction with the acidic compound that has migrated. It has been proposed that some combination of migration and neutralization of acidic species does not take place fast enough to be effective in such instances (Banik 2005;Hanus et al 2008;Katuscak et al 2009bKatuscak et al , 2012Kacik et al 2009;Jablonsky et al 2011aJablonsky et al ,b, 2012bJablonsky et al , 2013.…”

Genotype- and age-dependent patterns of lignin and cellulose in regenerants derived from 80-year-old trees of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.)

“…Molecular weight (M w ) distributions of cellulose samples were performed after their conversion into tricarbanilates as described in Kačík et al (2009). The nitrogen content of tricarbanilates of pure cellulose was determined by elemental analysis as 8.08% (degree of substitution DS = 3).…”

Controlled Depolymerization of Cellulose Fibres Isolated from Lignocellulosic Biomass Wastes

“…The mean and distribution of DPw of cello-oligomers were determined based on the method reported by Kačík et al [19]. Generally, phenylisocyanate (1 mL) was added to a cellulose sample (2 mg) dispersed in dry pyridine (6 mL), and the resulting mixture was allowed to react at 110°C for 6 h. Upon completion of reaction, excess phenylisocyanate was decomposed by adding methanol (2 mL).…”