Cellulose-Based Native and Surface Modified Fruit Peels for the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution: Langmuir Adsorption Isotherms

Abstract

A viable and cost-effective technology was explored in this present task for removal of heavy metal ions such as Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ from aqueous solution using three fruit peels such as orange peel (OP), lemon peel (LP), and banana peel (BP). The surface of the LP and lemon peel cellulose (LPC) was chemically modified. All these adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, BET, and SEM. The widely used Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium process. The adsorption capacity of metal ions such as Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ was found to be more than that of other metal ions. Upon comparison of the adsorbents, surface modified LPC (LPCACS) was found to show enhanced adsorption activity. A comparative study of adsorption was carried out with activated carbon (AC) also from which it was inferred that the order of the adsorption capacity is as follows: LPCACS > LPC > AC > LP.

Predicting the capability of carboxylated cellulose nanowhiskers for the remediation of copper from water using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models

“…These parameters and their range were selected based on the literature (Cao et al, 2014;Thirumavalavan et al, 2010) and scoping studies undertaken in this study. Fixed conditions for pH and time were chosen to be 6 and 30 min respectively as determined in the scoping studies.…”

“…In many studies, the range of the investigated parameters for the adsorption process is often not representative of the actual conditions in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (Thirumavalavan et al, 2010). For example, the majority of the studies are performed with a high initial metal ion concentration (100-1000 mg/L) which is unrealistic for actual commercial adsorption processes as they are generally applied to low concentration streams.…”

“…Furthermore, most of the reported experiments are also conducted under unrealistic conditions to a wastewater treatment environment such as a relatively high temperature up to 45C, as too high temperature could accelerate decomposition of chelating efficiency, leading to the decrease of the adsorption ratio (Sahan et al, 2010). Moreover, a range of pH without considering the metal hydroxide precipitation will also effect the removal of Cu(II) from the water matrix (Thirumavalavan et al, 2010). Finally, the adsorbent dosage is an important parameter in the adsorption process as it will provide the required amount of sorbent dosage for a given initial concentration, thereby defining the separation cost and the total water treatment cost (Anupam et al, 2011).…”

Applications of Bio-waste Materials as Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Water Purification

“…The use of fruit peels in adsorption of heavy metals have also been investigated including banana and orange peels [33]. The advantages of using fruit peels as the adsorption material is that they are readily available and less costly [34].…”

“…Galacturonic acids cause the pectin to strongly bind to the metal ions because of the carboxyl functions of the sugar. Cellulose also allows heavy metals ions to bind [63]. Banana peels also contain amine, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups.…”