Cellulose Acetate Phthalate-Based pH-Responsive Cyclosporine A-Loaded Contact Lens for the Treatment of Dry Eye

Abstract

Cyclosporine A (CsA) as an eye drop is an effective treatment for dry eye. However, it has potential side effects and a short ocular residence time. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a cellulose acetate phthalate-based pH-responsive contact lens (CL) loaded with CsA (CsA-CL). The CsA was continuously released from the CsA-CL at physiological conditions (37℃, pH 7.4) without an initial burst. CsA was well-contained in the selected storage condition (4℃, pH 5.4) for as long as 90 days. In safety assays, cytotoxicity, ocular irritation, visible light transmittance, and oxygen permeability were in a normal range. CsA concentrations in the conjunctiva, cornea, and lens increased over time until 12 hrs. When comparing the therapeutic efficacy between the normal control, experimental dry eye (EDE), and treatment groups( CsA eye drop, naïve CL, and CsA-CL groups), the tear volume, TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining at 7 and 14 days, conjunctival goblet cell density, and corneal apoptotic cell counts at 14 days improved in all treatment groups compared to EDE, with a significantly better result in the CsA-CL group compared with other groups (all p < 0.05). The CsA-CL could be an effective, stable, and safe option for inflammatory dry eye.

A Deep Learning Technique for Optical Inspection of Color Contact Lenses

“…(vii) The swelling process of the contact lens applicable to a hydrogel state was applied. Finally, (viii) images were collected for the optical inspection of the colored contact lenses (Figures 10 and 11) [26,27]. In step (iii), a pad composed of silicon rubber, impregnated with silicon oil for easy release, was pressed against the laser engraving patterns.…”

Drug-Modified Contact Lenses—Properties, Release Kinetics, and Stability of Active Substances with Particular Emphasis on Cyclosporine A: A Review

“…CyA was stable in storage (4 • C, pH 5.4) for 90 days. [11] Intraocular lens implant-carrier PLGA -Encapsulation…”

“…Over the years, techniques for modifying polymeric materials with active substances have changed rapidly from the simplest immersion methods to procedures drawing on advances in molecular, nano, and supercritical-fluid technologies [ 7 ]. To improve the drug loading capacity and prolong the drug release, several innovations have been made in the lens production process, such as the following: Drug application supported by the diffusion barrier created by vitamin E (VE) [ 8 , 9 ]; pH-triggered contact lenses with CyA [ 10 , 11 ]; Use of drugs in various systems and forms, including the following: Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes [ 12 ]; Colloidal nanoparticles [ 13 , 14 ]; Nano- and microemulsions [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]; Micellar systems [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]; Liposomes [ 23 , 24 ]. …”

“…Drug application supported by the diffusion barrier created by vitamin E (VE) [8,9]; • pH-triggered contact lenses with CyA [10,11];…”