Cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunch via a one step heterogeneous acetylation

Daud, Wan Rosli Wan; Djuned, Fauzi Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.011

Cited by 77 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, finding alternative sources of pulp for use as RM to reduce production costs has become the focus of CA research. Thus, lignocellulosic biomass from agroindustrial waste is an attractive alternative because it offers high and low‐cost availability . Many researchers have been focusing on CA synthesis from alternative sources provided by discarded industrial waste such as sugar cane bagasse , rice husk , wheat straw , and corn husk .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from royal palm tree agroindustrial waste

Battisti

Hafemann

Claumann

et al. 2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This study provides a novel value‐added utilization of the agroindustrial waste of royal palm tree leaf sheath to produce cellulose acetate. One of the motivations of this work was the fact that Brazil is one of the largest heart of palm producers in the world. However, as a result of extraction and processing, tons of waste are generated and discharged to the environment. Such waste is rich in lignocellulosic material, which could be reused to obtain derivatives of interest and commercial value. The synthesis of cellulose acetate was performed through a homogeneous acetylation reaction. Three different conditions were tested for delignification of the raw material, which resulted in a reduction in lignin content from 17.75 to 7.72%. The highest yield of cellulose acetate reached 99.5%, with degree of substitutions ranging between 2.08 and 2.82, which indicates satisfactory conversion. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that practically all hydroxyl groups were replaced by acetate groups; this was also confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the cellulose acetate crystallinity index was 8.9%. This demonstrates the viable potential of cellulose acetate production with low cost and use of highly available agroindustrial waste. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:891–898, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from royal palm tree agroindustrial waste

Battisti

Hafemann

Claumann

et al. 2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…As blend material with different water soluble and insoluble polymers, like poly(-lactic acid) or starch, CA can be found in several plastics and coating materials [1,2], which, if handled improperly, can have a severe environmental impact. Other sources of CA pollution are cigarette filters and textiles, which end up as litter, causing multiple problems in the environment [3,4]. This is particularly true for cigarette filters, which are inappropriately disposed by smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cigarette filters, for example, have a degree of acetylation of 2.5 [3,4]. This high degree of acetylation makes tobacco CA filters difficult to degrade by microorganisms [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Systems for Cellulose Acetate Degradation

et al. 2017

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Cellulose acetate (CA)-based materials, like cigarette filters, contribute to landscape pollution challenging municipal authorities and manufacturers. This study investigates the potential of enzymes to degrade CA and to be potentially incorporated into the respective materials, enhancing biodegradation. Deacetylation studies based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Time of Flight (LC-MS-TOF), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and spectrophotometric analysis showed that the tested esterases were able to deacetylate the plasticizer triacetin (glycerol triacetate) and glucose pentaacetate (cellulose acetate model compound). The most effective esterases for deacetylation belong to the enzyme family 2 (AXE55, AXE 53, GAE), they deacetylated CA with a degree of acetylation of up to 1.8. A combination of esterases and cellulases showed synergistic effects, the absolute glucose recovery for CA 1.8 was increased from 15% to 28% when an enzymatic deacetylation was performed. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), and cellobiohydrolase were able to cleave cellulose acetates with a degree of acetylation of up to 1.4, whereas chitinase showed no activity. In general, the degree of substitution, chain length, and acetyl group distribution were found to affect CA degradation. This study shows that, for a successful enzyme-based deacetylation system, a cocktail of enzymes, which will randomly cleave and generate shorter CA fragments, is the most suitable.

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“…This is because the desorption process samples depend on the strength of interaction of water molecules with hydroxyl groups in the materials through hydrogen bonds. In the CA structure, OH groups are replaced by acetate groups, therefore rendering them less effective in their water holding capacity compared to pure cellulose [8,38]. The second endotherm relates to the melting of the CA samples; the melting temperatures are very close to one another, between 274.2 and 288.9 • C. The exothermic peaks correspond to the heat release from the compounds at a maximum temperature of 361.1 • C for CA-2 and 380 • C for CE-1, CE-2, and CA-1 because of the disintegration of intramolecular interaction and the decomposition of the polymer chain [5,39].…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry-thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of an Asymmetric Membrane from Sugarcane Bagasse Using DMSO as Green Solvent

Hùng

Hoàng

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes have been successfully fabricated by phase inversion, using sugarcane bagasse (SB) as the starting material. SB is a raw material with high potential to produce cellulose derivatives due to its structure and morphology. Cellulose was extracted from SB by pretreatment with solutions of 5 wt% NaOH, 0.5 wt% EDTA; then bleached with 2 wt% H2O2. Cellulose acetate (CA) was prepared by the reaction between extracted cellulose with acetic anhydride, and H2SO4 as a catalyst. The obtained CA exhibited a high degree of substitution (2.81), determined with 1H-NMR spectroscopy and titration. The functional groups and thermal analysis of the extracted cellulose and the synthesized CA have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The change in the crystallinity of the extracted cellulose and CA was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. Asymmetric membranes were fabricated using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent, with a casting thickness of 250 µm. The obtained membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DSC and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hydrophilicity of the membranes was evaluated, as demonstrated by the measurement of water contact angle (WCA) and water content. Furthermore, the antifouling properties of membranes were also investigated.

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Cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunch via a one step heterogeneous acetylation

Cited by 77 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from royal palm tree agroindustrial waste

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from royal palm tree agroindustrial waste

Enzymatic Systems for Cellulose Acetate Degradation

Preparation of an Asymmetric Membrane from Sugarcane Bagasse Using DMSO as Green Solvent

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