Cellulose: a random walk along its historical path

Hon, David N.‐S.

doi:10.1007/bf00818796

Cited by 271 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…These fibres exhibit several benefits compared to traditional polymer and glass fibres, that is, low density, enhanced mechanical properties, nonabrasive properties, low acoustic and thermal conductivity, biosourcing, and biodegradability [3][4][5]. Among all these natural fibre types, cotton is the one of the most common and popular natural cellulose fibres [6,7]. Cotton fibres are one of the purest sources of cellulose, consisting of 90-95% cellulose [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards green carbon fibre manufacturing from waste cotton: a microstructural and physical property investigation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The work presents the usefulness of cotton fibre waste as a source of carbon fibre (CF) by pyrolysis. Different pyrolysis temperatures were studied to assess the surface and structural changes during carbonisation. The structural and surface modification of fibres during carbonisation was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Lowpressure plasma employed for surface functionalization treatment in presence of oxygen was conducted. The surface modification was analysed and compared by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle analysis. Carbon fibre structural strength was studied using nanoindentation. The carbon fibres before and after functionalization revealed a significant change in surface hydrophilicity. In nanoindentation, the maximum displacement of carbon fibre produced at 400°C is higher when compared to treatment of 600°C and 800°C, for identical applied load, revealing lower resistance to applied load, while the carbon fibre produced at 600°C has the least displacement, i.e. higher resistance to applied load. Enhancement of material strength (through resistance to applied load) after surface functionalization is evidenced for the case of carbon fibre produced at 400°C and no effect for carbon fibre (both plain and functionalized) produced at 800°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards green carbon fibre manufacturing from waste cotton: a microstructural and physical property investigation

et al. 2017

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“…In nature, cellulose chains, linear polymers of β-1,4-linked D-glucose units, are packed into ordered arrays to form crystalline cellulose I. 5 Because cellulose chains have stable β-glycosidic bonds 6 and each chain is also stabilized by intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal, 7 cellulose I is quite resistant not only to chemical hydrolysis but also to enzymatic degradation. When cellulose I is treated by ammonia, however, the crystal transforms into cellulose III I , 8 which is easily degraded by cellulase than cellulose I.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-off between Processivity and Hydrolytic Velocity of Cellobiohydrolases at the Surface of Crystalline Cellulose

et al. 2014

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Analysis of heterogeneous catalysis at an interface is difficult because of the variety of reaction sites and the difficulty of observing the reaction. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulases is a typical heterogeneous reaction at a solid/liquid interface, and a key parameter of such reactions on polymeric substrates is the processivity, i.e., the number of catalytic cycles that can occur without detachment of the enzyme from the substrate. In this study, we evaluated the reactions of three closely related glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolases from filamentous fungi at the molecular level by means of high-speed atomic force microscopy to investigate the structure−function relationship of the cellobiohydrolases on crystalline cellulose. We found that high moving velocity of enzyme molecules on the surface is associated with a high dissociation rate constant from the substrate, which means weak interaction between enzyme and substrate. Moreover, higher values of processivity were associated with more loop regions covering the subsite cleft, which may imply higher binding affinity. Loop regions covering the subsites result in stronger interaction, which decreases the velocity but increases the processivity. These results indicate that there is a trade-off between processivity and hydrolytic velocity among processive cellulases.

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“…His use of different treatments based on sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or nitric acid to extract and partially digest cellulose from oak and beech wood revealed an element composition comparable to that of starch (Payen, 1838). Classical organic chemistry then allowed for the determination of the b-(1/4) linkage that separates Glc residues in the cellobiose unit (for review, see Hon, 1994). The remarkable nature of cellulose as a polymer of repeating Glc (cellobiose) units (Staudinger, 1926;Haworth, 1932) contributed greatly to the 1937 and 1953 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry.…”

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confidence: 99%