Cellulolytic potential and filter paper activity of fungi isolated from ancients manuscripts from the Medina of Fez

Bergadi, Fatimazahra El; Laachari, Faouzi; Abed, Soumya El; Mohammed, Iraqui Houssaini; Koraichi, Saâd Ibnsouda

doi:10.1007/s13213-013-0718-6

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…very few studies aiming the identification of lignocellulose-degrading fungi were conducted so far. Zyani et al (2009) and El Bergadi et al (2014) identified cellulolytic Penicillium crustosum and Mucor racemosus in wood and paper samples from old Medina of Fez. However.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, screening and identification of ligno-cellulolytic fungi from northern central Morocco

M’Barek¹,

Taidi²,

Smaoui³

et al. 2019

Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ.

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Description of the subject. Extracellular enzymes from filamentous fungi are increasingly used in eco-friendly biotransformation processes. Their relevant technological role and their stability towards extreme process conditions make of them the first sustainable solution for the elaboration of bio-based products from biomass conversion. Objectives. This paper describes the isolation of filamentous fungi from decaying plant material in the region of Meknes (northern central Morocco) and the assessment of their ability to breakdown lignocellulose. The objective is to select performant fungi with enzymatic machinery adapted to local environment and with potential for the breakdown of the regional specific lignocellulosic by-products into potentially high-value molecules. Method. Cereals, decaying wood, olive-pomace and -pulp and their composts were used to isolate lignocellulolytic fungi. One hundred twenty-seven pure strains were isolated and screened at 25 °C on selective media with cellulose or lignin as the sole carbon source. Performant strains were validated for the production of ligno-cellulolytic enzymes and identified using molecular technique. Results. Twenty-eight fungi had mycelial diameter on cellulose ≥ 6 cm and cellulolytic index ≥ 0.9. Twenty-two strains had the same profile on lignin medium. The production of endoglucanase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase enzymes was confirmed in performant strains using qualitative assay and molecular identification revealed that the best performing fungi were Mucor circinelloides, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium brasilianum, Penicillium crustosum, Paecilomyces sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fischeri, Curvularia spicifera, Humicola grisea, Trichoderma atroviride and Cosmospora viridescens. Measurement of ligno-cellulolytic activities revealed that Penicillium and Fusarium strains mainly from wood decay and compost had the best profiles among performing strains. Conclusions. Isolated fungi are high decomposers of biomass and represent a prominent solution to develop green bioprocesses in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, screening and identification of ligno-cellulolytic fungi from northern central Morocco

M’Barek¹,

Taidi²,

Smaoui³

et al. 2019

Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ.

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“…Fungi have been identified from paper sampling either by classic morphology identification or DNA sequencing (by culture dependent processes or direct DNA extraction) [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Different methods of analysis have their pros and cons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal stains on paper: is what you see what you get?

et al. 2018

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Mitigation of fungal biodeterioration on paper documents and artworks represents a challenge to conservators worldwide. Numerous lists of fungal species have been identified from paper collections, but are those species responsible for the respective biodeterioration phenomena or just environmental contaminants? The present work was aimed at obtaining an association between specific fungal stains and causative fungal species. 23 stains from three paper documents were sampled. Fungal structures observed in situ with optical and scanning electron microscopy were compared with the identification of isolates by molecular biology tools. Correlation between the observed fungal structures and the identified fungal isolates was achieved, varying from 13% to 64% of the samples within the three studied documents. Grey/black and dark brown stains were associated with Chaetomium globosum, C. murorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. commune, Myxotrichum deflexum and Stachybotrys chartarum. Eurotium rubrum was isolated from a foxing stain and Penicillium citrinum was identified on light orange stains. Resumo A mitigação da biodeterioração causada por fungos em obras de arte e documentos em papel representa um desafio para os conservadores em todo o mundo. Inúmeras listas de espécies fúngicas têm sido identificadas a partir de coleções em papel, mas serão estas espécies responsáveis pelos respetivos fenómenos de biodeterioração? O presente estudo teve como objetivo associar espécies de fungos específicas a manchas observadas em documentos e obras de arte em papel. Foram amostradas 23 manchas existentes em três obras em papel. A observação in situ das estruturas fúngicas, com recurso a microscópio ótico e microscópio eletrónico de varrimento, foi comparada com a identificação de isolados através de técnicas de biologia molecular. As manchas negras e de tom castanho-escuro foram associadas às espécies Chaetomium globosum, C. murorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. commune, Myxotrichum deflexum e Stachybotrys chartarum. A espécie Eurotium rubrum foi isolada de uma mancha de foxing e a espécie Penicillium citrinum foi identificada em manchas de tom laranja claro.

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“…Fungi are considered major agents of biodeterioration and more than 200 fungal species have been isolated from paper documents, books, and prints (Pinzari, Pasquariello, & De Mico, ). Fungi can damage historical paper documents by either producing cellulolytic enzymes or by releasing weak acids and pigments (Arai, ; El Bergadi, Laachari, Elabed, Mohammed, & Ibnsouda, ; Pinzari, Cialei, & Barbabietola, ; Sterflinger, ; Zotti, Ferroni, & Calvinic, ). Cellulolytic enzymes can degrade cellulose microfibrils and under favorable conditions paper material is decayed in short time (El Bergadi et al., ; Sterflinger, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungi can damage historical paper documents by either producing cellulolytic enzymes or by releasing weak acids and pigments (Arai, ; El Bergadi, Laachari, Elabed, Mohammed, & Ibnsouda, ; Pinzari, Cialei, & Barbabietola, ; Sterflinger, ; Zotti, Ferroni, & Calvinic, ). Cellulolytic enzymes can degrade cellulose microfibrils and under favorable conditions paper material is decayed in short time (El Bergadi et al., ; Sterflinger, ). Excretion of weak acids and pigments creates “rusty” stains and discolorations on the outer paper surface, a phenomenon known as foxing (Arai, ; El Bergadi et al., ; Zotti et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulolytic enzymes can degrade cellulose microfibrils and under favorable conditions paper material is decayed in short time (El Bergadi et al., ; Sterflinger, ). Excretion of weak acids and pigments creates “rusty” stains and discolorations on the outer paper surface, a phenomenon known as foxing (Arai, ; El Bergadi et al., ; Zotti et al., ). Following fungal colonization and biodegradation, degraded cellulose microfibrils offer an enriched substrate for bacterial growth (Michaelsen, Piñar, & Pinzari, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial diversity in biodeteriorated Greek historical documents dating back to the 19th and 20th century: A case study

et al. 2018

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Paper documents in archives, libraries, and museums often undergo biodeterioration by microorganisms. Fungi and less often bacteria have been described to advance paper staining, so called “foxing” and degradation of paper substrates. In this study, for the first time, the fungal and bacterial diversity in biodeteriorated paper documents of Hellenic General State Archives dating back to the 19th and 20th century has been assessed by culture‐dependent and independent methods. The internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 16S rRNA gene were amplified by PCR from fungal and bacterial isolates and amplicons were sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogeny revealed fungal phylotypes like Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium citrinum, Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, and Penicillium chrysogenum which are often implicated in paper deterioration. Bacterial phylotypes closely related to known biodeteriogenic bacteria such as Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Kocuria sp. in accordance with previous studies were characterized. Among the fungal phylotypes described in this study are included well‐known allergens such as Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp. that impose a serious health threat on staff members and scholars. Furthermore, fungal isolates such as Chalastospora gossypii and Trametes ochracea have been identified and implicated in biodeterioration of historical paper manuscripts in this study for the first time. Certain new or less known fungi and bacteria implicated in paper degradation were retrieved, indicating that particular ambient conditions, substrate chemistry, or even location might influence the composition of colonizing microbiota.

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Cellulolytic potential and filter paper activity of fungi isolated from ancients manuscripts from the Medina of Fez

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Isolation, screening and identification of ligno-cellulolytic fungi from northern central Morocco

Isolation, screening and identification of ligno-cellulolytic fungi from northern central Morocco

Fungal stains on paper: is what you see what you get?

Microbial diversity in biodeteriorated Greek historical documents dating back to the 19th and 20th century: A case study

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