Cellular traits for sodium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Cytosolic calcium and pH signaling in plants under salinity stress

“…41,87,[101][102][103][104] However, the nature of cytosolic pH change also differs depending on osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress and plant species. 6,38,41 Gao et al 41 reported that osmotic stress imposed by mannitol did not alter pH cyt in intact duration), as well as the amount of [Ca 2+ ] cyt increased, vary in different studies due to the techniques used and also due to the type of experimental materials used, such as whole plant, root or specific cell types.…”

“…and pH. 6,38,39,43 Cytosolic-Ca 2+ elevation is attributed with the influx of Ca 2+ from cell wall, as well as from the vacuole. ER and mitochondria may also contribute to cytosolic-Ca 2+ elevation.…”

“…111 Indeed, vacuolar compartmentalization of cytosolic Na + is the dominant tolerance mechanism in salt-tolerant rice cultivar Pokkali under NaCl-dominated salt stress. 6,27,112 Conclusion Salinity-tolerance in plants is a multigenic trait with many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with ion transport and tolerance. 5 Therefore, plants need to possess a wide range of adaptation mechanisms for osmotic stress as well as ionic toxicity to be tolerant under high salinity.…”

“…Although the exact information on global extent of salinity-affected areas is varying in different studies, the general perception is that more than 20 per cent of the irrigated land in the world is affected by soil salinity. [2][3][4][5][6] This is a big concern for attaining self-sufficiency in food production for the ever-increasing world population. Moreover, the loss of cultivable land, due to expansion of salinity areas through irrigation practices, as well as sealevel rising, is likely to increase over time and impinge on world food supplies.…”

Influence of Gypsum Amendment on Methane Emission from Paddy Soil Affected by Saline Irrigation Water

“…This is partly due to the complexity of the phenomenon and the susceptibility of rice to changes in salinity during the plant's various developmental stages. The second approach: the addition of organic and inorganic amendments containing calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) to irrigation water or soil (Dobermann and Fairhurst, 2000) to reduce the effect of salinity on growth and yield as Ca 2+ has been reported to restrict the entry of Na + into the plant cells (Kader and Lindberg, 2008;Hussain et al, 2010). The earlier study of Grieve and Fujiyama (1987) reported that the maximum growth of salinized rice plant can be achieved under the addition of Ca 2+ concentration about 4 mM and at Na + /Ca 2+ ratio of around 18.…”