Cellular traffic through afferent lymphatic vessels

Schineis, Philipp; Runge, Peter; Halin, Cornelia

doi:10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.001

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Upon pathogen recognition, they undergo maturation and migrate to draining lymph nodes in order to present antigens and trigger specific T-cell activation [1]. Mature dendritic cells express a C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)7, which directs migration to lymph nodes following a gradient of the chemokines C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)19 and CCL21 (reviewed in [46]).…”

Section: The Chemotactic Response Of Dendritic Cells Is Modulated By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of CD38 in the Immune Response to Infection

Glaría

Valledor

2020

Cells

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CD38 is a multifunctional protein widely expressed in cells from the immune system and as a soluble form in biological fluids. CD38 expression is up-regulated by an array of inflammatory mediators, and it is frequently used as a cell activation marker. Studies in animal models indicate that CD38 functional expression confers protection against infection by several bacterial and parasitic pathogens. In addition, infectious complications are associated with anti-CD38 immunotherapy. Although CD38 displays receptor and enzymatic activities that contribute to the establishment of an effective immune response, recent work raises the possibility that CD38 might also enhance the immunosuppressive potential of regulatory leukocytes. This review integrates the current knowledge on the diversity of functions mediated by CD38 in the host defense to infection.

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Section: The Chemotactic Response Of Dendritic Cells Is Modulated By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of CD38 in the Immune Response to Infection

Glaría

Valledor

2020

Cells

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“…Notably, the lymphatics start as blind-ended capillaries that are freely permeable to fluids, and have discontinuous overlapping junctions pre-adapted to cell transit, unlike the conventional tight junctions that seal most blood vessels (8, 14, 15). In addition, unlike the blood circulation, cell trafficking in most afferent lymphatics involves intravasation rather than extravasation, in keeping with their role in accommodating the passage to dLNs of tissue resident leucocytes and transient immune cell populations recruited from the circulation (3–5, 8, 16–18). Moreover, during entry to lymphatic capillaries, leucocytes are exposed to the very low shear rates associated with interstitial fluid flow, as distinct from the high shear rates experienced during extravasation from blood capillaries (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucocyte Trafficking via the Lymphatic Vasculature— Mechanisms and Consequences

Jackson

2019

Front. Immunol.

101

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The lymphatics fulfill a vital physiological function as the conduits through which leucocytes traffic between the tissues and draining lymph nodes for the initiation and modulation of immune responses. However, until recently many of the molecular mechanisms controlling such migration have been unclear. As a result of careful research, it is now apparent that the process is regulated at multiple stages from initial leucocyte entry and intraluminal crawling in peripheral tissue lymphatics, through to leucocyte exit in draining lymph nodes where the migrating cells either participate in immune responses or return to the circulation via efferent lymph. Furthermore, it is increasingly evident that most if not all leucocyte populations migrate in lymph and that such migration is not only important for immune modulation, but also for the timely repair and resolution of tissue inflammation. In this article, I review the latest research findings in these areas, arising from new insights into the distinctive ultrastructure of lymphatic capillaries and lymph node sinuses. Accordingly, I highlight the emerging importance of the leucocyte glycocalyx and its novel interactions with the endothelial receptor LYVE-1, the intricacies of endothelial chemokine secretion and sequestration that direct leucocyte trafficking and the significance of the process for normal immune function and pathology.

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“…The lymphatic system is comprised of highly permeable capillaries found within the tissue and are required to transport lymph which contains cellular proteins, lipoproteins and lymphocytes (Dixon et al, 2009;Lim et al, 2009;Platt et al, 2013;Hansen et al, 2015;Thomas et al, 2016;Schineis et al, 2019). The capillaries drain into collecting lymphatic vessels (LV) surrounded by lymphatic muscle cells (LMC) that pump the lymph through highly specialized lymphatic valves (Chakraborty et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles for Lymphatics in Chronic Liver Disease

2020

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Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a global health epidemic causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. As the incidence of CLD is expected to rise over the next decade, understanding the cellular and molecular mediators of CLD is critical for developing novel therapeutics. Common characteristics of CLD include steatosis, inflammation, and cholesterol accumulation in the liver. While the lymphatic system in the liver has largely been overlooked, the liver lymphatics, as in other organs, are thought to play a critical role in maintaining normal hepatic function by assisting in the removal of protein, cholesterol, and immune infiltrate. Lymphatic growth, permeability, and/or hyperplasia in non-liver organs has been demonstrated to be caused by obesity or hypercholesterolemia in humans and animal models. While it is still unclear if changes in permeability occur in liver lymphatics, the lymphatics do expand in number and size in all disease etiologies tested. This is consistent with the lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) upregulating proliferation specific genes, however, other transcriptional changes occur in liver LECs that are dependent on the inflammatory mediators that are specific to the disease etiology. Whether these changes induce lymphatic dysfunction or if they impact liver function has yet to be directly addressed. Here, we will review what is known about liver lymphatics in health and disease, what can be learned from recent work on the influence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia on the lymphatics in other organs, changes that occur in LECs in the liver during disease and outstanding questions in the field.

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Cellular traffic through afferent lymphatic vessels

Cited by 42 publications

References 175 publications

Roles of CD38 in the Immune Response to Infection

Roles of CD38 in the Immune Response to Infection

Leucocyte Trafficking via the Lymphatic Vasculature— Mechanisms and Consequences

Emerging Roles for Lymphatics in Chronic Liver Disease

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