Cellular Structural Changes in Candida albicans Caused by the Hydroalcoholic Extract from Sapindus saponaria L.

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a disease caused by the abnormal growth of yeast-like fungi in the mucosa of the female genital tract. Candida albicans is the principal etiological agent involved in VVC, but reports have shown an increase in the prevalence of Candida non-C. albicans (CNCA) cases, which complicates VVC treatment because CNCA does not respond well to antifungal therapy. Our group has reported the in vitro antifungal activity of extracts from Sapindus saponaria L. The present study used scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to further evaluate the antifungal activity of hydroalcoholic extract from S. saponaria (HE) against yeast obtained from VVC and structural changes induced by HE. We observed the antifungal activity of HE against 125 vaginal yeasts that belonged to four different species of the Candida genus and S. cerevisae. The results suggest that saponins that are present in HE act on the cell OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 9406 wall or membrane of yeast at the first moments after contact, causing damage to these structures and cell lysis.

Human Nails Permeation of an Antifungal Candidate Hydroalcoholic Extract from the Plant Sapindus saponaria L. Rich in Saponins

“…The MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of ETHOSS were comparable, suggesting that it has an efficient fungicidal action, which concurs with previous findings [ 12 , 16 ]. In fact, ETHOSS causes changes in the fungal membrane and cell wall in the first instance of contact, causing cell lysis [ 19 ].…”

“…Phytochemical characterization of the ethanolic fraction of the crude extract of S. saponaria identified compounds with antifungal properties. The ESI-MS spectrum of the ETHOSS detected the typical saponin peaks ( Figure 1 ), similar to those reported in a previous study [ 16 ]. For saponins peaks in the range of 650–1000 m/z, the highest intensities were seen in the peaks of 683.27, 881.50, 923.48, and 965.58 m/z.…”

“…All of these, except the first one, were reported as the major peaks in a previous study. These were the bioactive compounds with antifungal properties, proving that the ETHOSS has a similar profile as the ethanolic extracts studied earlier [ 16 ].…”

Effective Inhibition of Candidiasis Using an Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract of Calotropis-gigantean-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles

“…Ultrathin sections were compared in a solution of 2.0% uranyl acetate and lead nitrate/acetate. Samples was examined under a JEOL 1200EX II transmission electron microscope (Peabody, MA, USA) [34].…”

Caesalpinia Crista Linn. Induces protection against DNA and membrane damage

“…[ 53 ] However, ample number of research findings indicates that many medicinal plants can play cytoprotective role. [ 10 51 54 ] Sarkar et al . showed that methanolic extract of C. crista showed protection against Fe(2+)-mediated oxidative DNA damage.…”