Cellular Senescence in Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders

Abstract

Cellular senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest induced by repetitive cell mitoses or different stresses, which is implicated in various physiological or pathological processes. The beneficial or adverse effects of senescent cells depend on their transitory or persistent state. Transient senescence has major beneficial roles promoting successful post-injury repair and inhibiting malignant transformation. On the other hand, persistent accumulation of senescent cells has been associated with chronic diseases and age-related illnesses like renal/urinary tract disorders. The deleterious effects of persistent senescent cells have been related, in part, to their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) characterized by the release of a variety of factors responsible for chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix adverse remodeling, and fibrosis. Recently, an increase in senescent cell burden has been reported in renal, prostate, and bladder disorders. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of senescence and their implication in renal and urinary tract diseases. We will also discuss the differential impacts of transient versus persistent status of cellular senescence, as well as the therapeutic potential of senescent cell targeting in these diseases.

Observational Pilot Study: A comparison of Amino Acids and Derangement of Intestinal Function between Healthy Ageing Subjects and Patients Affected by Chronic Kidney Disease in Conservative Management

“…Recourse to a personalised rather than standardized form of precision medicine and nutrition should be advocated, bearing in mind that healthy subjects over the age of 65-70 years fail to conserve a mean renal function of > 100 mL/min. due to the acknowledged phenomena of renal senescence resulting in a GFR loss of at least 0.73 mL/min./year after the age of 30-40 years [69][70][71].…”

Observational Pilot Study: A comparison of Amino Acids and Derangement of Intestinal Absorption between Healthy Ageing Subjects and Patients Affected by Chronic Kidney Disease in Conservative Management

“…Recourse to a personalised rather than standardized form of precision medicine and nutrition should be advocated, bearing in mind that healthy subjects over the age of 65-70 years fail to conserve a mean renal function of > 100 mL/min. due to the acknowledged phenomena of renal senescence resulting in a GFR loss of at least 0.73 mL/min./year after the age of 30-40 years [69][70][71]. With regard to plasma AA levels, no literature reports to date have suggested normality ranges validated in patients over the age of 65-70 years, and even less so in stage 3b-4 CKD patients.…”

The Effect of Metformin on Male Reproductive Function and Prostate: An Updated Review

“…A combination strategy of metformin and other chemotherapeutic agents for PCa can be more effective [ 146 ]. In recent years, BPH and PCa have been shown to be associated with cellular senescence [ 147 ]. Because metformin can target senescent cells by preventing the induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype [ 148 149 ], the use of metformin may potentially affect the risk of BPH and PCa via a mechanism of protecting cellular senescence.…”