Cellular Responses to Tritium Exposure in Rainbow Trout: Hto- And Obt-Spiked Feed Exposure Experiments

Abstract

Biological effects were evaluated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to tritiated water (HTO) or food spiked with organically bound tritium (OBT). An HTO exposure study was conducted using a tritium activity concentration of 7000 Bq/L, and an OBT exposure study was conducted using a tritium activity concentration of 30 000 Bq/L. Following 140 days of in vivo HTO exposure, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, and brain cells did not show statistically significant differences in viability; kidney, liver, and spleen cells did not show significant differences in DNA double-strand break repair activity compared with control cells. Membrane fatty acid composition analysis was conducted on liver cells and no effects of HTO exposure could be detected. Following 140 days of in vivo OBT exposure, viability and DNA double-strand break repair activity were not statistically different from controls in liver, heart, spleen, kidney, and brain cells. Changes, however, were noted in the fatty acid composition of liver and muscle tissues. For both studies, all measurements were performed on each tissue and on a fraction of the same tissue that was exposed to a gamma 4 Gy dose in vitro to test for adaptive responses, and no effects were observed except for fatty acid composition. The findings demonstrated that membrane fatty acid composition is a sensitive marker and that microscopic evaluation of gamma-H2AX foci is more sensitive than the flow cytometric approach. These studies are the first to correlate uptake and depuration with biological health indicators in edible fish for tritium exposures within worldwide drinking water guidelines.

Assessing relative sensitivity of marine and freshwater bivalves following exposure to copper: Application of classical and novel genotoxicological biomarkers

“…Optimisation of the gamma-H2AX assay in gill cells was performed using a [70], cell nuclei were located with an appropriate DAPI filter, and a FITC filter set for the FITC signal of the γ-H2AX primary antibody. All slides, including procedural blanks were coded and scored at random.…”

Hippocampal lipidome and transcriptome profile alterations triggered by acute exposure of mice to GSM 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation: An exploratory study

“…It is indeed interesting that fatty acid changes previously reported in tissues after in vivo radiation and tritium exposure of amphibians and fish also pointed out an increased MUFA content, thus suggesting that this aspect can be further developed as a specific radiation response (Audette‐Stuart et al., ; Festarini et al., ). Moreover, the present data on the EPA loss in the hippocampus of exposed mice suggest further development in view of the reported model of EPA supplementation that activated the interleukin‐1β‐induced cell signaling in the hippocampus of rats exposed to gamma irradiation (Lynch et al., ).…”

“…Some of us have previously shown that fatty acid changes are sensitive markers of radiation exposure in amphibians (Audette‐Stuart et al., ), whereas in trout exposed to food spiked with tritium, both liver and muscle tissues were found to change their fatty acids significantly compared to controls. Under these conditions, no significant differences in DNA strand break repair activity were found (Festarini et al., ). Those experiments showed that PUFA consumption was not occurring, but instead a remodeling response of the phospholipid fatty acid moieties with an increase in unsaturated components was taking place.…”

“…suggesting that this aspect can be further developed as a specific radiation response (Audette-Stuart et al, 2012;Festarini et al, 2016).…”

“…In this view, we also addressed fatty acid‐based membrane lipidomics focusing on the role of fatty acids as structural and functional components of membrane phospholipids, with a specific distribution among saturated and unsaturated moieties depending on the tissue type, polyunsaturated fats being very important for nervous tissue (Ferreri & Chatgilialoglu, ). In the case of radiologically contaminated environment, such stress caused remodeling of the animal fatty acid pool of tissues in vivo , in particular involving an increase in unsaturated fatty acids as response to these conditions (Audette‐Stuart, Ferreri, Festarini, & Carr, ; Festarini, Sholtz, Stuart, Kim, & Ferreri, ). Concerning RF‐EMF to the best of our knowledge, there are no data of brain tissue lipidomic follow‐up before and after exposure to mobile phone radiation.…”