Cellular Response to Vitamin C-Enriched Chitosan/Agarose Film with Potential Application as Artificial Skin Substitute for Chronic Wound Treatment

Vivcharenko, Vladyslav; Wójcik, Michał; Przekora, Agata

doi:10.3390/cells9051185

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Importantly, developed material was additionally enriched with different nontoxic concentrations of vitamin C in order to ensure the most appropriate conditions for cell viability and proliferation, thereby skin healing process. It is worth noting that in our previous research we have developed thin film/membrane with the same chemical composition (chitosan and agarose) [ 12 , 24 ]. The only difference in the production process was application of air-drying instead of freeze-drying.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the amount of collagen production was determined qualitatively using the immunofluorescence technique. BJ fibroblasts cultured on the insert membranes were fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, Warsaw, Poland) and immunostained as described earlier [24]. Briefly, human specific anti-type I collagen (Col1a1/Col1a2) antibodies (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan) were added to the fixed cells for 24 h at 6 • C. After the allotted time, cells on the membranes were washed with PBS and were incubated for 1 h with secondary antibodies conjugated to AlexaFluor647 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK).…”

Section: Type I Collagen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Porous and Superabsorbent Biomaterial Made of Marine-Derived Polysaccharides and Ascorbic Acid as an Optimal Dressing for Exuding Wound Management

et al. 2021

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There are many modern wound dressings that have promising properties for repairing skin damage. However, due to various types of wounds and the problems they cause, there is still a great demand for new, effective healing strategies. The aim of this study was to create superabsorbent wound dressing made of marine-derived polysaccharides (agarose and chitosan) using the freeze-drying method. The secondary goal was its comprehensive evaluation for potential use as an external superabsorbent bandage for wounds with high exudation. Due to the well-known positive effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on the healing process, biomaterial enriched with vitamin C was prepared and compared to the variant without the addition of ascorbic acid. It was shown that the produced foam-like wound dressing had a very porous structure, which was characterized by hydrophilicity, allowing a large amount of human fluids to be absorbed. According to in vitro tests on human fibroblasts, biomaterial was nontoxic and supportive to cell proliferation. Vitamin C-enriched dressing also had the ability to significantly reduce matrix metalloproteinase-2 production and to promote platelet-derived growth factor-BB synthesis by fibroblasts, which is desired during chronic wound treatment. The material has features of the eco-friendly wound care product since it was made of naturally-derived polysaccharides and was proved to be biodegradable. Importantly, despite degradable character, it was stable in the chronic and infected wound microenvironment, maintaining high integrity after 8-week incubation in the enzymatic solutions containing lysozyme and collagenases. The obtained results clearly showed that developed biomaterial possesses all necessary features of the external dressing for the management of exudate from both acute and chronic non-healing wounds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type I Collagen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Porous and Superabsorbent Biomaterial Made of Marine-Derived Polysaccharides and Ascorbic Acid as an Optimal Dressing for Exuding Wound Management

et al. 2021

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“…Treatment of chronic wounds is a big challenge since skin regeneration is hindered by alkaline pH (≥ 7.15) occurring at the wound site, which is optimal for MMP activity and bacteria growth. Therefore, skin graft for chronic wound therapy should also have the ability to lower the pH value (below 7.0), which is known to significantly inhibit MMP activity, prevent infections, and stimulate fibroblast proliferation [53,179]. Ideal artificial skin graft would also reconstruct skin appendages (hairs, sweat glands), pigmentation, and nerves to provide aesthetic appearance of the healed wound and to recover skin sensory and thermoregulatory functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The membrane would be pre-seeded with keratinocytes and melanocytes to ensure accelerated re-epithelialization of the wound and normal pigmentation, respectively. To provide efficient healing of chronic wounds, artificial skin graft may have also protease inhibitors incorporated and pH in the range of 6.0–6.5, which would inhibit MMP activity at the wound site without exerting a negative effect on viability of cells incorporated within the artificial graft (pH below 6.0 may reduce cell viability) [ 53 ]. Figure 7 presents a graphical model of potentially ideal artificial skin graft for chronic wound treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidermal skin graft: (a) image presenting a thin chitosan/agarose membrane (produced according to Polish patent application no. P.430458[52,53] for regenerative medicine application as epidermal skin substitute; (b) confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) image presenting human epidermal keratinocytes stained with AlexaFluor635-Phalloidin (red fluorescence of cytoskeleton) grown on the surface of the chitosan/agarose membrane that was visualized by application of Nomarski contrast.…”

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A Concise Review on Tissue Engineered Artificial Skin Grafts for Chronic Wound Treatment: Can We Reconstruct Functional Skin Tissue In Vitro?

Przekora

2020

Cells

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126

101

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Chronic wounds occur as a consequence of a prolonged inflammatory phase during the healing process, which precludes skin regeneration. Typical treatment for chronic wounds includes application of autografts, allografts collected from cadaver, and topical delivery of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. Nevertheless, the mentioned therapies are not sufficient for extensive or deep wounds. Moreover, application of allogeneic skin grafts carries high risk of rejection and treatment failure. Advanced therapies for chronic wounds involve application of bioengineered artificial skin substitutes to overcome graft rejection as well as topical delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to reduce inflammation and accelerate the healing process. This review focuses on the concept of skin tissue engineering, which is a modern approach to chronic wound treatment. The aim of the article is to summarize common therapies for chronic wounds and recent achievements in the development of bioengineered artificial skin constructs, including analysis of biomaterials and cells widely used for skin graft production. This review also presents attempts to reconstruct nerves, pigmentation, and skin appendages (hair follicles, sweat glands) using artificial skin grafts as well as recent trends in the engineering of biomaterials, aiming to produce nanocomposite skin substitutes (nanofilled polymer composites) with controlled antibacterial activity. Finally, the article describes the composition, advantages, and limitations of both newly developed and commercially available bioengineered skin substitutes.

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Collagen‐coated agarose–chitosan scaffold used as a skin substitute

Sang

Zhao

Shen

et al. 2023

Biotech and App Biochem

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A single biomaterial is disadvantageous for constructing skin in vitro, so a mixed biomaterial is more conducive to skin research. In this study, agarose–chitosan scaffolds with a final concentration of 4% were constructed by freeze‐drying, in which the concentration ratios of agarose to chitosan were 1:3, 2:2, and 3:1. The scaffolds were coated with a 3 mg/ml collagen solution, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by studying density, porosity, swelling rate, and degradation rate. The results demonstrated that the agarose–chitosan scaffolds were porous, with porosity reaching 93%. Their densities ranged from 0.1 to 0.16 g/cm3. Analysis of Young's modulus showed that the mechanical properties of the agarose–chitosan scaffolds were significantly enhanced when the agarose content in the agarose–chitosan scaffolds was increased. Moreover, the density and Young's modulus of the agarose–chitosan scaffolds of different concentration ratios were significantly different (p < 0.01). These scaffolds can withstand a certain amount of external pressure, such as that of human skin, making them more suitable for further skin replacement research. In addition, the results of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell assay and immunofluorescence staining showed that the collagen‐coated agarose–chitosan scaffolds were conducive to keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. The MTT results revealed significant differences between the agarose–chitosan scaffolds coated with collagen and the agarose–chitosan scaffolds without collagen (p < 0.05). This study provides the potential for in vitro skin research and applications.

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Cellular Response to Vitamin C-Enriched Chitosan/Agarose Film with Potential Application as Artificial Skin Substitute for Chronic Wound Treatment

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Highly Porous and Superabsorbent Biomaterial Made of Marine-Derived Polysaccharides and Ascorbic Acid as an Optimal Dressing for Exuding Wound Management

Highly Porous and Superabsorbent Biomaterial Made of Marine-Derived Polysaccharides and Ascorbic Acid as an Optimal Dressing for Exuding Wound Management

A Concise Review on Tissue Engineered Artificial Skin Grafts for Chronic Wound Treatment: Can We Reconstruct Functional Skin Tissue In Vitro?

Collagen‐coated agarose–chitosan scaffold used as a skin substitute

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