Cellular Response to Linear and Branched Poly(acrylic acid)

Whitty, Elizabeth G.; Maniego, Alison R.; Bentwitch, Sharon A.; Guillaneuf, Yohann; Jones, Mark R.; Gaborieau, Marianne; Castignolles, Patrice

doi:10.1002/mabi.201500153

Cited by 7 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…6 PAA and PNaA are also researched for drug delivery 7−15 and as an additive for the prevention of scaling. 16−19 Branching in PNaA is usually not introduced by design, but it was identified using 13 C NMR spectroscopy for PAA and PNaA obtained by radical polymerization. 20−24 The likely presence of branching is still not taken into account in most publications about PAA.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22]24 NMR spectroscopy has been proven to be an effective tool for the degree of branching (DB) quantification of several branched polymers. DB quantification via the C q signal has been carried out on polyolefins and polyacrylates using several 13 C NMR spectroscopy methods including solid-state, 28,30 swollen-state, 30 melt-state, 26,30,31 and solution-state 20,21,25,27,29,30 NMR spectroscopy. For branching quantification in hydrophobic polyacrylates, solid-state NMR spectroscopy exhibited a too low resolution and swollen-state NMR spectroscopy a low sensitivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, most DB measurements are self-calibrated with the area of the branching signal related to the area of the backbone signal in the same spectrum (without comparison with a known DB standard). The accuracy and precision of these self-calibrations were assessed for quantitative 13 C NMR measurements of ethylene/ 1-octene copolymers. 32 The reproducibility of these selfcalibration schemes involved the comparison of quantitative 13 C NMR measurements of ethylene/1-octene copolymers determined using two different NMR spectrometers with similar experimental setups.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Branching Quantification in Poly(acrylic acid): Is It as Easy as It Seems?

et al. 2017

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Branching in polymers is an important feature that plays a role in their applications. The degree of branching (DB) has been quantified in several polymers using NMR spectroscopy. In this work, the DB of poly(acrylic acid), PAA, was quantified. The precision and accuracy of DB quantification in this polymer has been assessed for the first time. Incomplete dissolution lowers the accuracy of DB. Moisture content, chain end, and impurities have to be taken into account to assess the solubility correctly. The incomplete solubility may be partially due to some clustering and it might for example explain the notable inaccuracy of the molecular weights determined by SEC for PAA. The error introduced during data treatment in NMR spectroscopy affects the precision of DB. This study enables the design of the best approach for a precise and accurate DB quantification not only for PAA but also for other branched polymers. An accurate DB increases the knowledge of the polymer structure, enhancing the capacity to tailor PAA structures for properties desired in many applications.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Branching Quantification in Poly(acrylic acid): Is It as Easy as It Seems?

et al. 2017

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“…While these studies show promise for improved delivery of PS, little is known about the influence of polymer architecture on cellular uptake rate and mechanisms of photosensitizers. It is known that polymer architecture influences biodistribution, tumor localization, cellular delivery, and pharmacological activity . The influence of polymer architecture on loading of photosensitizers, their presentation to target cells, mechanisms of uptake, subcellular trafficking and efficacy however are largely unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Endocytosis Mechanisms and Anticancer Effect of HPMA Copolymer‐ and PAMAM Dendrimer‐MTCP Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy

Mohammadpour

Safarian

Buckway

et al. 2016

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Polymer architecture can influence biodistribution and the mode of presentation of bioactive agents to cells. Herein, we examined delivery, loading efficiency and mode of cellular entry of polymer conjugates of the photosensitizer Meso-Tetra (4-Carboxyphenyl) Porphyrine (MTCP) when attached to hyper-branched amine terminated poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer or random coil linear N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer containing free amines in the side chains. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of MTCP and related conjugates were assessed on mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) and human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells. Phototoxicity of polymeric conjugates increased by approximately 100 and 4,000 fold in KB and A549 cells compared with non-conjugated MTCP. The increase in phototoxicity activity was shown to result from increased rate of cellular uptake, whereas, cellular internalization of MTCP was negligible in comparison with the conjugated forms. Our results suggest the superiority of amine-terminated HPMA copolymer vs PAMAM dendrimer under study for delivery of MTCP. Treatment with various pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis showed that polymer architecture influenced the mechanism of cellular uptake of the conjugated photosensitizer. Results show that polymeric conjugates of MTCP improved solubility, influenced the route and the rate of cellular internalization and drastically enhanced the uptake of the photosensitizer.

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“…Whereas high molecular weight PAA chains are not cytotoxic, Whitty et al showed that chains of molecular mass of 39,300 g mol À1 exhibit a certain level of cytotoxicity. 48 Applying another sterilization technique, such as ethylene oxide, gamma and e-beam radiation, 49 would probably prevent PAA cytotoxicity and ensure CIPNs biocompatibility.…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(acrylic acid)/polypyrrole interpenetrated network as electro‐responsive hydrogel for biomedical applications

Milani

Coutinho

Ambrosio

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The combination of conducting polymers and hydrogels in a conductive interpenetrated polymer network (CIPN) is an interesting strategy to mimic muscles and to create bending actuators. Whereas the conducting polymer ensures the electro pulse flux, the hydrogel provides structural support similar to human tissues. In this work, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polypyrrole (PPy) CIPNs were synthesized in aqueous solution in three different compositions and characterized in terms of their morphology, composition, mechanical, and electrochemical properties, as well as cytotoxic and the bending behavior when submitted to an electric field. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated hydrogen interaction between PAA and PPy, and PPy doping level was not modified when polymerized inside the PAA structure. Mechanical properties and density were shown to increase with an increase in PPy content, whereas water content decreased. Surprisingly, PAA/PPy CINPs presented some toxicity that may be due to the sterilization technique. Finally, PAA/PPy CIPNs responded mechanically to electrical stimuli and good curve symmetry and reversibility were observed in the cyclic voltammogram tests. These results indicate that the CIPN containing a PAA/PPy ratio of 1:0.3 is promising to prepare biocompatible soft bending actuators such as artificial muscles.

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Cellular Response to Linear and Branched Poly(acrylic acid)

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Assessment of the Branching Quantification in Poly(acrylic acid): Is It as Easy as It Seems?

Assessment of the Branching Quantification in Poly(acrylic acid): Is It as Easy as It Seems?

Comparative Endocytosis Mechanisms and Anticancer Effect of HPMA Copolymer‐ and PAMAM Dendrimer‐MTCP Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy

Poly(acrylic acid)/polypyrrole interpenetrated network as electro‐responsive hydrogel for biomedical applications

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