Cellular Reactivity to<i>Candida albicans</i>Antigen

Shannon, Dylan; Johnson, George S.; Rosen, Fred S.; Austen, K. Frank

doi:10.1056/nejm196609292751302

Cited by 86 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The present study and that of SHANNON et al [23] have indicated a correlation between the in vitro lymphocyte response to Candida antigen and the delayed hypersensitivity skin test. Similar correlations have been obtained using tuberculin [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Lymphocytes in Agammaglobulinemia: In Vitro Response to a Specific Antigen

Gotoff

1968

Pediatr Res

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ExtractPeripheral blood leukocytes from eleven normal individuals and five boys with Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia were cultured in vitro with Candida albicans antigen. The lymphocyte response in vitro was measured by morphologic transformation into blast cells and by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA. Delayed hypersensitivity was measured by the standard skin test, and circulating antibody titers were estimated by agglutination of heat-killed Candida.A response to Candida antigen was demonstrated in cultures of lymphocytes taken from six normal individuals (table I) and from four patients with agammaglobulinemia (table II). The in vitro lymphocyte response correlated with the results of skin tests but not with titers of circulating antibody.The results with agammaglobulinemic lymphocytes support the view that the in vitro lymphocyte response is a correlate of delayed hypersensitivity. SpeculationBoth humoral antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity reactions originate in lymphoid tissues. From these tissues, small lymphocytes circulate to peripheral blood. Investigations of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia are of interest because these patients have normal delayed hypersensitivity reactions despite an inability to synthesize more than trace amounts of circulating antibody. As a result, these patients may be considered a source of lymphocytes with immunologic capacity limited almost entirely to delayed hypersensitivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Lymphocytes in Agammaglobulinemia: In Vitro Response to a Specific Antigen

Gotoff

1968

Pediatr Res

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“…Immunity to the widespread fungus Candida albi cans develops early in life and an estimated 46-85% of the adult popu lation is sensitized [23], We found the percentage to be still higher. Only one individual was skin test negative (less than 1.0 cm induration), and the LMI index (0.91) did not indicate hypersensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Human Leukocyte Migration Inhibition as an Indicator of Cellular Hypersensitivity to Soluble Antigens

Rauch¹,

King²

1973

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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We evaluated delayed hypersensitivity in humans to three soluble an < tigens (tuberculoprotein, coccidioidin, and Candida extract) with the leukocyte migration inhibition test. Skin reactivity and migration inhibition correlated to a high degree with all the antigens. Cell migration was not inhibited in subjects without a positive skin test or clinical history. Sensitivity to tuberculin measured in vitro after vaccination with Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin correlated well with 25 tuberculin PPD skin test units, and indicates that the LMI test is more sensitive in detecting cellular hypersensitivity than skin tests with intermediate strength tuberculin PPD.

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“…Conversely several reports [5,15] have demonstrated a number of apparent discrepancies between tuberculin sensitivity and in vitro stimulation; however, they have used only morphologic criteria and single tests. Correlation between lymphocyte stimulation by monilial antigens and delayed sensitivity to the antigen has also recently been demonstrated [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%