Cellular Organization of Glycerolipid Metabolism

Roughan, and P G; Slack, C. R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.000525

Cited by 485 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This indicates that 16:3 in MGDG was incorporated into TG, at least partly, via 1,2-DG. According to the established pathway of TG biosynthesis (19,27), the 1 ,2-DG backbone of TG is synthesized from phosphatidic acid and PC. Therefore, if MGDG is first hydrolyzed to free fatty acids before incorporation into TG as depicted by Webb and Williams (28,29), 16:3 should be reacylated to these phospholipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to the conversion of 1,2-DG to TG, diacylglycerol acyltransferase is the only enzyme known to catalyze this step (19,27). Although this enzyme has been reported to be present in the microsomal fractions prepared from several plant tissues (2, 5, 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of workers have examined the physiological and biochemical effects of ozone on plant tissues to understand the mechanism by which ozone injures plants (10). Because ozone is a strong oxidizing agent and reacts readily with the double bond in unsaturated fatty acids, the destruction of cellular membrane lipids has been suggested to be one ofthe primary events in ozone injury (10,16 (9,19,27). However, no information is available for the path of TG synthesis from galactolipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the metabolic flow of these lipid changes, the conversion of PC to TG is acceptable in view of the pathway of TG synthesis; several lines of evidence have demonstrated that 1,2-DG backbone of TG may originate from PC as well as phosphatidic acid in higher plant cells (9,19,27). However, no information is available for the path of TG synthesis from galactolipids.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Conversion of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to Triacylglycerols in Ozone-Fumigated Spinach Leaves

Sakaki

Saito²,

Kawaguchi³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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Molecular species and fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerol (TG) accumulated in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves fumigated with ozone (0.5 microliter per liter) were compared with those of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). Analysis of positional distribution of the fatty acids in MGDG and the accumulated TG by the enzymatic digestion method showed that hexadecatrienoate (16:3) was restricted to sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone in both MGDG and TG, whereas a-linolenate (18:3) was preferentially located at sn-1 position in MGDG, and sn-1 and/or sn-3 positions in TG, suggesting that 1,2-diacylglycerol moieties of MGDG are the direct precursor of TG in ozonefumigated leaves. Further analysis of TG molecular species by argentation chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that TG increased with ozone fumigation consisted of approximately an equal molar ratio of sn-1,3-18:3-2-16:3 and sn-1,2,3-18:3. Because the molecular species of MGDG in spinach leaves is composed of a similar molar ratio of sn-1-18:3-2-16:3 and sn-1,2-18:3, we concluded that MGDG was converted to 1,2-diacylglycerol and acylated with 18:3 to TG in ozone-fumigated spinach leaves.Ozone is a widespread atmospheric pollutant, causing visible foliar injury in many plant species. A number of workers have examined the physiological and biochemical effects of ozone on plant tissues to understand the mechanism by which ozone injures plants (10). Because ozone is a strong oxidizing agent and reacts readily with the double bond in unsaturated fatty acids, the destruction of cellular membrane lipids has been suggested to be one ofthe primary events in ozone injury (10,16 (9,19,27). However, no information is available for the path of TG synthesis from galactolipids. Webb and Williams (28,29) have reported a fatty acid transfer from MGDG and PC to TG in mesophyll protoplasts prepared from broad bean leaves by enzymatic digestion and have proposed that MGDG was first hydrolyzed by galactolipid lipase to free fatty acids, which were subsequently reacylated to form TG. Alternatively, we have proposed that 1,2-DG liberated from MGDG is the direct precursor of TG synthesized in ozone-fumigated spinach leaves, based on the fact that 16:3, the fatty acid specific to MGDG, was recovered in 1,2-DG as well as in TG (24). To confirm this proposal, it is necessary to demonstrate that the positional specificity of fatty acids in MGDG is retained in TG increased with ozone treatment.In the present paper, we report the comparison of the positional distribution of fatty acids in MGDG, DGDG, and PC with that in newly accumulated TG in ozone-fumigated spinach leaves. Molecular species of the increased TG are further determined by argentation chromatography and mass spectrometry. These results support the direct conversion of MGDG to TG via 1,2-DG. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Materials and Ozone FumigationSpinach (Spinacia oleracea L., cv New Asia) plants were grown for about 7 weeks under natural light and fumigated with 0.5 ,uL/L ozone for 6 h as des...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to Triacylglycerols in Ozone-Fumigated Spinach Leaves

Sakaki

Saito²,

Kawaguchi³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…[1-14 C]Acetate is commonly used for labelling acyl lipids and its suitability for such studies has been discussed thoroughly (see Roughan & Slack 1982). Incubations were stopped after 4 h because incorporation of radioactivity into lipids was found previously to be linear over the period.…”

Section: Lipid Labellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants

Williams

Robertson

Leech

et al. 1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hereward) plants were grown for 35 d either at 350 µmol mol -1 CO 2 or at 650 µmol mol -1 CO 2 . Lipid synthesis was studied in these plants by incubating the 5th leaf on the main stem with [1-14 C]acetate. Increased CO 2 concentrations did not significantly affect the total incorporation of radiolabel into lipids of whole leaf tissue, but altered the distribution for individual lipid classes. Most noticeable amongst acyl lipids was the reduction in labelling of diacylglycerol and a corresponding increase in the proportion of phosphatidylcholine labelling. In the basal regions, there were similar changes and, in addition, phosphatidylglycerol labelling was particularly increased following growth in an enriched CO 2 atmosphere. The stimulation of labelling of the mitochondrialspecific lipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, prompted an examination of the mitochondrial population in wheat plants. Mitochondria were localized in intact wheat sections by immunolabelling for the mitochondrial-specific chaperonin probe. Growth in elevated CO 2 doubled the number of mitochondria compared to growth in ambient CO 2 . Fatty acid labelling was also significantly influenced following growth at elevated CO 2 concentrations. Most noticeable were the changes in 16C:18C ratios for the membrane lipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. These data imply a change in the apportioning of newly synthesized fatty acids between the 'eukaryotic' and 'prokaryotic' pathways of metabolism under elevated CO 2 .

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Structural characterization of sulfoquinovosyl, monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diacylglycerols by FAB-CID-MS/MS

1997

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The glycolipids such as sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), isolated from wild‐type cyanobacterium Synecho‐cystis sp. PCC 6803, and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), ob‐tained from whole wheat flour, have been investigated by using fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS/MS). Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of sodium‐adduct molecular ions [M‐H+2Na]+ from SQDG and [M+Na]+ from MGDG and DGDG generates ions which are characteristic of the structure of the polar head group as well as the fatty acid composition. In particular, the charge‐remote fragmentation along the fatty acid chains observed in the high‐mass range was useful to locate the double‐bond positions. The major component ion ([M‐H+2Na]+ at m/z 865) of SQDG contains oleic and palmitic acids at the sn‐1 and sn‐2 positions, respectively. The predominant molecular ion ([M+Na]+ at m/z 801) of MGDG contains two linoleic acids. One of the two major species of DGDG contains palmitic and linoleic acids ([M+Na]+ at m/z 939) at the sn‐1 and sn‐2 positions, while the other contains two linoleic acids ([M+Na]+ at m/z 963). The utility of FAB‐MS/MS in the structural determination of glycolipids in mixtures of biological origin has been demonstrated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Cellular Organization of Glycerolipid Metabolism

Cited by 485 publications

References 71 publications

Conversion of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to Triacylglycerols in Ozone-Fumigated Spinach Leaves

Conversion of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to Triacylglycerols in Ozone-Fumigated Spinach Leaves

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants

Structural characterization of sulfoquinovosyl, monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diacylglycerols by FAB-CID-MS/MS

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Cellular Organization of Glycerolipid Metabolism

Cited by 485 publications

References 71 publications

Conversion of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to Triacylglycerols in Ozone-Fumigated Spinach Leaves

Conversion of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to Triacylglycerols in Ozone-Fumigated Spinach Leaves

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants

Structural characterization of sulfoquinovosyl, monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diacylglycerols by FAB-CID-MS/MS

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The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on lipid metabolism in leaves from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hereward) plants