Cellular metabolic, stress, and histological response on exposure to acute toxicity of endosulfan in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Abstract

Endosulfan is one of the most hazardous organochlorines pesticides responsible for environmental pollution, as it is very persistent and shows bio-magnification. This study evaluated the impact of acute endosulfan toxicity on metabolic enzymes, lysozyme activities, heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression, and histopathology in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Among the indicators that were induced in dose dependent manner were the enzymes of amino acid metabolism (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), carbohydrate metabolism (serum lactate dehydrogenase), pentose phosphate pathway (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) as well as lysozyme and Hsp70 in liver and gill, while liver and gill Isocitrate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle enzyme) and marker of general energetics (Total adenosine triphosphatase) were inhibited. Histopathological alterations in gill were clubbing of secondary gill lamellae, marked hyperplasia, complete loss of secondary lamellae and atrophy of primary gill filaments. Whereas in liver, swollen hepatocyte, and degeneration with loss of cellular boundaries were distinctly noticed. Overall results clearly demonstrated the unbalanced metabolism and damage of the vital organs like liver and gill in Tilapia due to acute endosulfan exposure.

The response of thyroid hormones, biochemical and enzymological biomarkers to pyrene exposure in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Pyrene was proven to produce ROS; and therefore, this chemical can alter cell membrane permeability which helps the release of the above-mentioned enzymes into the blood (Sun et al, 2008). In addition, increased AST activity may result from mobilization of aspartate for glucose production through the gluconeogenesis pathway to provide excess energy required to cope with stress (Kumar et al, 2014). Increased plasma ALP activity in the present study could also be attributed to the renal and liver damage and dysfunction caused by the toxicant or to increased transphosphorylation activity (Banaee et al, 2011;Bhattacharya et al, 2008).…”

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“…Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism and has been used as indicative criteria of exposure to chemical stress and to diagnose cell, tissue and organ damage (Kumar et al, 2016). The activity of LDH was 7.64 ± 0.93 mU mg protein -1 in plasma of control goldfish, and it decreased by 63% and 36% in fish exposed to 0.2 and 5 mg L -1 Gesagard, respectively (Figure 3).…”

“…Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities are commonly used in the diagnosis of fish diseases as well as in the detection of specific tissue damage caused by environmental pollution (Chen et al, 2013;Fırat et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2016). ALT is located mainly in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, whereas AST exists in liver cell cytoplasm and mitochondria.…”

Dietary lecithin potentiates thermal tolerance and cellular stress protection of milk fish (Chanos Chanos) reared under low dose endosulfan-induced stress

“…The standard was kept in an airtight container at 4°C. As endosulfan does not readily dissolve in water, a stock solution of 10 ppm was prepared in 5% ethanol solution (99.9% pure) and added to the water (Kumar et al, 2014b). Water quality parameters were analyzed weekly using the methods of APHA (1998) and were found to be within the recommended range for fish rearing.…”