Cellular Mechanisms in Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Scheper, Rik J.; Mary, B.; Blomberg, Eva

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03104-9_2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It showed a cellular infiltrate in the dermis and epidermis with eosinophils and lymphocytes. Blomberg 12 believes that a few specific T-cells may remain for a long time at previous skin reaction sites, it being the memory-cells that later reactivate these skin tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flare up to betalactams

Arellano

García

Álvarez-Lovell

et al. 2005

Allergologia et Immunopathologia

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Background: The flare up phenomenon has most frequently been described with nickel. Not many cases of flare up to drugs have reported in the literature, however we have reported it with different medications. Methods and results: A 31-year-old woman developed an adverse reaction with an antibiotic during her childhood. Prick test with penicillin (100,000 IU/ml), penicilloyl polylysine (PPL), minor determinant mixture (MDM), amoxicillin (200 mg/ml), ampicillin (200 mg/ml) and cephalotin (200 mg/ml), and intradermal test to the same substances diluted in saline were all negative immediately. We performed an oral challenge test with 500 mg of amoxicillin. Twelve hours later, the intradermal test to PPL and MDM became positive (PPL 10 × 10 mm, MDM 8 × 7 mm). All patch tests were positive after 72 hours with erythema, vesicles and infiltration and the patient also had exanthema with pruritus on her entire body. Conclusions: We present one patient with delayed allergic reaction caused by amoxicillin and penicillin, that we all know as Flare up. We suggest that this phenomenon of Flare up occurs by a Type IV mechanism mediated by T-cells without participation of IgE antibodies. The betalactam hypersensitivity mechanism which has usually been described is an IgE mediated reaction, but there are other not very well known mechanisms that are responsible for the delayed reactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flare up to betalactams

Arellano

García

Álvarez-Lovell

et al. 2005

Allergologia et Immunopathologia

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“…For three donors (X,P,B) the relative number of negative wells (SI < 2·0 and D < 500 ct/min) and the linear regression analysis is presented (for X-· -· -; for P--; for B -----). for hapten/peptide-specific T cells in non-sensitized individuals [51,52]. In allergic individuals, PBMC may contain 100-1000-fold increased frequencies, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T lymphocyte primingin vitroby haptenated autologous dendritic cells

Rustemeyer

Ligter

Blomberg

et al. 1999

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Dendritic cells (DC), generated from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by culturing with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4, were used to study in vitro sensitization of naive, hapten-specific T cells and to analyse cross-reactivities to related compounds. DC were hapten-derivatized with nickel sulphate (Ni) or 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA), followed by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced maturation, before autologous T cells and a cytokine cocktail of IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-7 were added. After T cell priming for 7 days, wells were split and challenged for another 7 days with Ni or HEMA, and potentially cross-reactive haptens. Hapten-specificity of in vitro priming was demonstrated by proliferative responses to the haptens used for priming but not to the unrelated haptens. Highest priming efficiencies were obtained when both IL-4 and IL-12 were added to the cytokine supplement. Marked interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release (up to 4 ng/ml) was found when IL-12 was included in the cultures, whereas IL-5 release (up to 500 pg/ml) was observed after addition of IL-4 alone, or in combination with IL-12. Nickel-primed T cells showed frequent cross-reactivities with other metals closely positioned in the periodic table, i.e. palladium and copper, whereas HEMA-primed T cells showed distinct cross-reactivities with selected methacrylate congeners. Similar cross-reactivities are known to occur in allergic patients. Thus, in vitro T cell priming provides a promising tool for studying factors regulating cytokine synthesis, and cross-reactivity patterns of hapten-specific T cells.

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“…The "down regulation'~ in sensitization rate was reversed only by treating the guinea pigs with cyclophosphamide (CY) on day 18, 3 days prior to the 1st challenge ( Table 2). The suggested mechanism is an augmented effect ofTcell suppression compared to T-cell stimulation (22). It is important to note, however, that those animals that reacted at the 2nd challenge were among those that responded at the 1st challenge, confirming the allergic nature of the reaction.…”

Section: Reproducibility Of Patch Test Reactions From Challenge To Rementioning

confidence: 90%

The value and limitations of rechallenge in the guinea pig maximization test

1996

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The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) has played a primary role in the evaluation of potential skin contact sensitizers for 25 years. In the OECD Guideline 406 from 1993, it is specifically suggested that equivocal results from the initial challenge in the GPMT should be evaluated further with a repeated challenge. However, there exist few published rechallenge data and the guideline does not describe how rechallenge data should be interpreted. In this paper, we have used examples from published results to illustrate both the positive value and the limitations of repeated challenges, including cross challenge. Testing with modified concentrations may also help to indicate whether or not the response is allergic in nature, particularly where there has been a low level of skin reaction observed in shamtreated controls, or where a low level of skin reaction is the dominant response in the test animals. In conclusion, the data presented demonstrate that, as a tool for the investigation of skin sensitizing potential, the GPMT can benefit from an experienced scientific evaluation of rechallenge data, but that this information should not be treated in a mechanistic fashion.

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Cellular Mechanisms in Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Flare up to betalactams

Flare up to betalactams

Human T lymphocyte primingin vitroby haptenated autologous dendritic cells

The value and limitations of rechallenge in the guinea pig maximization test

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