Cellular Localization of PRL-1 and PRL-2 Gene Expression in Normal Adult Human Tissues

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that the PRL-1 and -2 phosphatases may be multifunctional enzymes with diverse roles in a variety of tissue and cell types. Northern blotting has previously shown widespread expression of both transcripts; however, little is known about the cell type-specific expression of either gene, especially in human tissues. Therefore, we investigated expression patterns for PRL-1 and -2 genes in multiple normal, adult human tissues using in situ hybridization. Although both transcripts were ubiquitously expressed, they exhibited strikingly different patterns of expression. PRL-2 was expressed heavily in almost every tissue and cell type examined, whereas PRL-1 expression levels varied considerably both between tissue types and between individuals. Widespread expression of PRL-1 and -2 in multiple organ systems suggests an important functional role for these enzymes in normal tissue homeostasis. In addition, the variable patterns of expression for these genes may provide distinct activities in each tissue or cell type.

Altered expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver gene family in non-small cell lung cancer

“…However, PRL-3 is primarily expressed in heart and skeletal muscle, although low level expression can be detected in other tissues as well (2,19). So it has been thought that they function in basic processes common to many tissues and cell types (20). Many tissues that do not express or express only low levels of PRL-3 except heart and skeletal muscle are unable to cope with elevated levels of its activity and thus are susceptible to the tumorigenic effects of PRL-3 (2).…”

PRL2 links magnesium flux and sex-dependent circadian metabolic rhythms

“…are quite high (13), yet each PRL protein exhibits distinct tissue expression levels and patterns (14)(15)(16)(17). These results suggest that, through evolution, each PRL has acquired divergent physiological functions in animals.…”

“…These results suggest that, through evolution, each PRL has acquired divergent physiological functions in animals. Among the 3 PRLs, PRL2 is the most ubiquitously expressed in mammals (15,17). Moreover, analysis of PRL2-deficient mice revealed that PRL2 is required for proper placental development (18), spermatogenesis (19), and hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal (20).…”

Phosphatase of regenerating liver in hematopoietic stem cells and hematological malignancies

“…While PRL1 and PRL2 are broadly expressed in adult tissues including liver, 30,31 the expression pattern of these PRLs in the hematopoietic system is unknown. We found that PRL1 and PRL2 are ubiquitously expressed in the hematopoietic compartment, whereas PRL3 expression is most pronounced in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells (MEPs) [ Figure 1].…”