Cellular Level Brain Imaging in Behaving Mammals: An Engineering Approach

Hamel, Elizabeth J.O.; Grewe, Benjamin F.; Parker, Jones Griffith; Schnitzer, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.055

Cited by 144 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…In addition to anatomic and optogenetic circuit mapping, it will be critical to use recording or imaging approaches to define activity patterns in molecularly defined neuronal populations. Recent advances in genetically encoded calcium sensors [154][155] in conjunction with advances in in vivo imaging via fibre optic cables or microscopy [156][157][158][159] will enable the recording of neural activity of genetically defined subsets of neurons during the display of sex-typical social behaviours. Such studies will provide insights into the information processed by molecularly defined neuronal pools at different levels in the neural circuits underlying sex-typical social behaviours.…”

Section: Future Directions Of the Study Of Sexually Dimorphic Social mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Bayless

Shah²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The unique hormonal, genetic and epigenetic environments of males and females during development and adulthood shape the neural circuitry of the brain. These differences in neural circuitry result in sex-typical displays of social behaviours such as mating and aggression. Like other neural circuits, those underlying sex-typical social behaviours weave through complex brain regions that control a variety of diverse behaviours. For this reason, the functional dissection of neural circuits underlying sex-typical social behaviours has proved to be difficult. However, molecularly discrete neuronal subpopulations can be identified in the heterogeneous brain regions that control sex-typical social behaviours. In addition, the actions of oestrogens and androgens produce sex differences in gene expression within these brain regions, thereby highlighting the neuronal subpopulations most likely to control sexually dimorphic social behaviours. These conditions permit the implementation of innovative genetic approaches that, in mammals, are most highly advanced in the laboratory mouse. Such approaches have greatly advanced our understanding of the functional significance of sexually dimorphic neural circuits in the brain. In this review, we discuss the neural circuitry of sex-typical social behaviours in mice while highlighting the genetic technical innovations that have advanced the field.

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Section: Future Directions Of the Study Of Sexually Dimorphic Social mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Bayless

Shah²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…For example, fMRI (4,5) has the ability to map whole-brain activity, although low spatiotemporal resolution (6) precludes monitoring neural circuits at the cellular level. Optical imaging (7,8) is capable of mapping at single neuron spatial resolution, although applications have been limited by penetration depth, temporal resolution, specimen heating, and incorporation of genetically encoded reporters (9). Flexible surface electrode arrays (10)(11)(12) are also capable of mapping activity at the cellular level but are not capable of accessing deeper brain regions and generally have spatial resolution inferior to that of optical imaging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Syringe-injectable mesh electronics integrate seamlessly with minimal chronic immune response in the brain

Zhou

Hong

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

191

211

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Implantation of electrical probes into the brain has been central to both neuroscience research and biomedical applications, although conventional probes induce gliosis in surrounding tissue. We recently reported ultraflexible open mesh electronics implanted into rodent brains by syringe injection that exhibit promising chronic tissue response and recording stability. Here we report time-dependent histology studies of the mesh electronics/brain-tissue interface obtained from sections perpendicular and parallel to probe long axis, as well as studies of conventional flexible thin-film probes. Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of the perpendicular and parallel brain slices containing mesh electronics showed that the distribution of astrocytes, microglia, and neurons became uniform from 2–12 wk, whereas flexible thin-film probes yield a marked accumulation of astrocytes and microglia and decrease of neurons for the same period. Quantitative analyses of 4- and 12-wk data showed that the signals for neurons, axons, astrocytes, and microglia are nearly the same from the mesh electronics surface to the baseline far from the probes, in contrast to flexible polymer probes, which show decreases in neuron and increases in astrocyte and microglia signals. Notably, images of sagittal brain slices containing nearly the entire mesh electronics probe showed that the tissue interface was uniform and neurons and neurofilaments penetrated through the mesh by 3 mo postimplantation. The minimal immune response and seamless interface with brain tissue postimplantation achieved by ultraflexible open mesh electronics probes provide substantial advantages and could enable a wide range of opportunities for in vivo chronic recording and modulation of brain activity in the future.

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“…In addition, the technical devices used have been improved and modified to better adapt to the mouse brain. For example, wireless stimulation and readouts of head-restrained, freely moving mice is now possible for interrogation and monitoring of neural activity during motor behavior [137,163]. Furthermore, light delivery options have been expanded into devices such as an optrode system for laser excitation and multielectrode recording [164,165], and a multifunctional fiber system for simultaneous optical, electrical, and chemical interrogation [166].…”

Section: Multimodal Approaches Using Optogenetics and Other Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic Approaches to Target Specific Neural Circuits in Post-stroke Recovery

2016

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Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the USA, yet treatment options are very limited. Functional recovery can occur after stroke and is attributed, in part, to rewiring of neural connections in areas adjacent to or remotely connected to the infarct. A better understanding of neural circuit rewiring is thus an important step toward developing future therapeutic strategies for stroke recovery. Because stroke disrupts functional connections in peri-infarct and remotely connected regions, it is important to investigate brain-wide network dynamics during post-stroke recovery. Optogenetics is a revolutionary neuroscience tool that uses bioengineered lightsensitive proteins to selectively activate or inhibit specific cell types and neural circuits within milliseconds, allowing greater specificity and temporal precision for dissecting neural circuit mechanisms in diseases. In this review, we discuss the current view of post-stroke remapping and recovery, including recent studies that use optogenetics to investigate neural circuit remapping after stroke, as well as optogenetic stimulation to enhance stroke recovery. Multimodal approaches employing optogenetics in conjunction with other readouts (e.g., in vivo neuroimaging techniques, behavior assays, and next-generation sequencing) will advance our understanding of neural circuit reorganization during post-stroke recovery, as well as provide important insights into which brain circuits to target when designing brain stimulation strategies for future clinical studies.

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Cellular Level Brain Imaging in Behaving Mammals: An Engineering Approach

Cited by 144 publications

References 180 publications

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Syringe-injectable mesh electronics integrate seamlessly with minimal chronic immune response in the brain

Optogenetic Approaches to Target Specific Neural Circuits in Post-stroke Recovery

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