Cellular Internalization of Beta-Carotene Loaded Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsules by Raman Mapping

Abstract

Raman mapping is becoming a very useful tool in investigating cells and cellular components, as well as bioactive molecules intracellularly. In this study, we have encapsulated beta-carotene using a layer-by-layer technique, as a way to enhance its stability and bioavailability. Further, we have used Raman mapping to characterize the as-obtained capsules and monitor their uptake by the human retinal epithelial D407 cells. We were able to successfully map the beta-carotene distribution inside the capsules, to localize the capsules intracellularly, and distinguish between capsules and other cellular components.

Effects of morphology and size of nanoscale drug carriers on cellular uptake and internalization process: a review

“…Besides, the Raman microscopy method provides both in vivo and in vitro cellular imaging to pursue cellular uptake and internalization. 79 Herein, we intend to provide a brief report on the different types of nanocarriers applied to drug delivery systems with a comparative look at the various characteristics of nanocarriers, including their morphology and size. In this regard, a classication is presented based on the most commonly used materials and methods for synthesizing nanocarriers.…”

“…Besides, the Raman microscopy method provides both in vivo and in vitro cellular imaging to pursue cellular uptake and internalization. 79 …”

Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsule (PEMC)-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

“…This is demonstrated with magnetite NPs, of which the authors suggest the presence of magnetite reduced the order of the crystal lattice, accelerating the vaterite dissolution into ions, and hence releasing the encapsulated cargo [ 157 ]. Therefore, PEMCs with the ability to host and protect bioactives, as well as to release them on demand, present themselves as very promising candidates for many clinical-oriented medical fields including cancer treatment, combating infection and inflammation, and advanced TE [ 163 , 172 , 176 , 192 , 193 ]. These properties of PEMCs have hence attracted the interest of many, especially in the field of TE [ 194 , 195 , 196 ], thus, PEMCs hold great implications for use in regenerative processes in vitro and in vivo.…”

Novel optimized biopolymer-based nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery in the treatment of depressive diseases

“…52 The confocal Raman spectroscopy could be a non-invasive technique, which does not require any cellular manipulation. [53][54][55] Moreover, although this technique was useful for cellular in vitro studies, to the best of our knowledge, it has been used to characterize cancer cells (pancreatic, breast, cervical tumours) 53 and not yet neuronal ones. SHSY-5Y cells were treated with the MWCNT-COOH/Alg 10 : 1 sample, which is the engineered carrier to travel the rst and third routes.…”