Cellular Immunity of Patients with Tuberculosis Combined with Diabetes

Cheng, Ping; Wang, Liang; Gong, Wenping

doi:10.1155/2022/6837745

“…Similarly, DC has the strongest antigen commission capacity, and its total population was maintained at 200 cells/mm 3 ( Figure 6B ). T cell immune response significantly eliminates MTB, of which CD4 + T cells are vital ( 52 ). The results showed that the population of total TH cells increased significantly in immunization simulations and peaked in the third injection, and the memory and non-memory TH cell peaks were 12,000 cells/mm 3 and 95,000 cells/mm 3 , respectively ( Figure 7A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics analysis and consistency verification of a novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate HP13138PB

Cheng

¹

,

Jiang

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2023

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BackgroundWith the increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and the shortcomings of existing TB vaccines to prevent TB in adults, new TB vaccines need to be developed to address the complex TB epidemic.MethodThe dominant epitopes were screened from antigens to construct a novel epitope vaccine termed HP13138PB. The immune properties, structure, and function of HP13138PB were predicted and analyzed with bioinformatics and immunoinformatics. Then, the immune responses induced by the HP13138PB were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and Th1/Th2/Th17 multi-cytokine detection kit.ResultThe HP13138PB vaccine consisted of 13 helper T lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes, 13 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes, and 8 B-cell epitopes. It was found that the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and solubility index of the HP13138PB vaccine were 0.87, 2.79, and 0.55, respectively. The secondary structure prediction indicated that the HP13138PB vaccine had 31% of α-helix, 11% of β-strand, and 56% of coil. The tertiary structure analysis suggested that the Z-score and the Favored region of the HP13138PB vaccine were -4.47 88.22%, respectively. Furthermore, the binding energies of the HP13138PB to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was -1224.7 kcal/mol. The immunoinformatics and real-world experiments showed that the HP13138PB vaccine could induce an innate and adaptive immune response characterized by significantly higher levels of cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10.ConclusionThe HP13138PB is a potential vaccine candidate to prevent TB, and this study preliminarily evaluated the ability of the HP13138PB to generate an immune response, providing a precursor target for developing TB vaccines.

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“…These results suggest that there is a distinct evolution of the inflammatory process in subjects with APTB compared to those with TBDM when receiving the standard anti-TB treatment. This is due to the possible influence of DM on the immune response to TB and its effects on the different elements of the cytokine network during the immune response, as mentioned above [ 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Systemic Inflammation Before and After Standard Anti-tuberculosis Treatment in Patients With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus

López-González,

Martínez-Soto,

Avila-Cervantes

et al. 2024

Cureus

0

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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity of active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) that increases the risk of treatment failure during anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Evaluating systemic inflammatory response could help determine differences in response to treatment between APTB patients and those with APTB and DM. Methodology To explore changes in systemic inflammation, measured by a set of inflammatory mediators in subjects with APTB and TBDM before and after six months of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, 30 APTB and nine TBDM subjects underwent cytokine testing, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, C-reactive protein by nephelometry, and sialic acid by colorimetric assay at baseline and following six months of standard anti-tuberculosis treatment. Sputum smear microscopy or molecular biology (Xpert MTB/RIF) was used for diagnosis, and sputum smear microscopy was performed monthly during the treatment of the patient with pulmonary tuberculosis to evaluate his evolution. Principal component analysis examined changes in the inflammatory status. Results Both groups showed negative sputum smear microscopy in the sixth month after starting anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. TGF-β1 was found to be significantly higher in subjects with TBDM before treatment compared to APTB patients (p<0.001), and systemic inflammation continued only in TBDM subjects after treatment (accumulation and persistence of inflammatory mediators like IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, C-reactive protein, and sialic acid in blood). On the other hand, the mediators IFN-γ, C-reactive protein, and total sialic acid were found to be most influential in distinguishing pre- and post-treatment inflammatory response in subjects with APTB without DM. Conclusions Inflammatory mediators analyzed in combination, including IFN-γ, CRP, and total sialic acid, may be useful in evaluating the systemic inflammatory response in subjects with APTB and TBDM before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Determining these mediators revealed persistent systemic inflammation in TBDM subjects after six months of standard tuberculosis treatment, despite negative sputum smear microscopy results and good glycemic control. This suggests a need for inflammation-modulating therapies during tuberculosis control. Finally, monitoring sputum smear microscopy results alongside the determination of proposed inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ, CRP, and total sialic acid) are effective in evaluating the response to anti-tuberculosis treatment in APTB subjects without DM, warranting further investigation.

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“…DM decreases the IFN- γ level [ 57 , 58 ] as well as the antigen-presenting ability of macrophages. IL-8 and IL-22 drop in case of TB-DM co-disease state affecting phagocytosis and TB clearance [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan

Mujtaba

¹

,

Richardson

²

,

Shahzad

³

et al. 2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

2

0

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Objective. TB recurrence is the second episode of TB after initial treatment bringing about an additional 7% load in TB burden intensified by 17.7% of multidrug-resistant recurrent cases. It is necessary to curb recurrence so that attempts to deal with active disease can be made more effective. This study aimed to characterize sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with recurrent TB in a high-burden setting. Methodology. A retrospective case-control study was carried out at two hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. TB patients and controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire from all subjects. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with TB and TB recurrence respectively. Results. In our study cohort, factors significantly associated with TB were low BMI (OR: 0.961 (CI 0.954–0.968), p < 0.001 ), female gender (OR: 2.065 (CI 1.922–2.219), p < 0.001 ), being single/unmarried (OR: 1.214 (CI 1.109–1.328), p = 0.003 ), middle-income status (OR: 1.935 (CI 1.616–2.323), p < 0.001 ), smoking (OR: 1.567 (CI 1.435–1.710), p < 0.001 ), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.142 (CI 1.017–1.278), p = 0.023 ). TB recurrence constituted 11.2% of patients presenting to the hospital. Compared with the first episode of TB, cases with recurrence were more likely to be older (OR: 1.011 (CI 1.004–1.017), p < 0.001 ), have disease awareness (OR: 1.906 (CI 1.486–2.437), p < 0.001 ), smear positive (OR: 2.384 (CI 1.650–3.536), p < 0.001 ), and be drug-resistant (OR: 5.615 (CI 4.265–7.386), p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. In the present study cohort, low BMI, female gender, being single, middle-income status, being unemployed, smoking, and being diabetic came out to be the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for TB. Further exploring the TB cases increasing age, drug resistance and smear positivity stood out to be the major sociodemographic and clinical factors of TB recurrence despite high disease awareness.

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Cellular Immunity of Patients with Tuberculosis Combined with Diabetes

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Bioinformatics analysis and consistency verification of a novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate HP13138PB

Bioinformatics analysis and consistency verification of a novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate HP13138PB

Evaluation of Systemic Inflammation Before and After Standard Anti-tuberculosis Treatment in Patients With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus

Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan

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