Cellular Immunity in Breast Milk: Implications for Postnatal Transmission of HIV-1 to the Infant

Sabbaj, Steffanie; Ibegbu, Chris; Kourtis, Athena P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2251-8_11

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…At this time, lymphocytes begin to accumulate in the interstitial tissue of the breast, which concurs with the induction of many breast tumor-associated antigens highly expressed in the lactating breast [ 13 ]. A previous study reported the presence of activated effector/memory T cells in breast milk, which recognized maternal epithelial surfaces [ 20 ]. Hence, there is accumulating evidence supporting the hypothesis that pregnancy implies a robust and long-lasting natural immunization against multiple tumor-associated antigens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity improves anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer patients

et al. 2017

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Compared to nulliparous women, parous women have an up to 50% lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. An endogenous mechanism to prevent the development of cancer is the destruction of tumor cells by T cells that recognize tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Since a number of TAA are also highly present in the breast and placenta of pregnant women, we investigated the induction and characteristics of spontaneous T cell responses against TAA during pregnancy.To this end, we collected peripheral blood from healthy nulliparous, primigravid and parous women, as well as from breast cancer patients. IFN-γ ELISpot assays were performed to measure the intensity and specificity of T cell responses against 11 different TAA. The impact of TAA-specific Treg cells on anti-TAA responses was assessed by performing the assay before and after depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells. The antigenic specificities of these Treg cells were analyzed by the Treg specificity assay. Furthermore, we conducted flow cytometric analyses to determine the memory phenotype and cytokine secretion profile of TAA-specific T cells.Our results demonstrate that pregnancy induces functional and long-lived memory and effector T cells that react against multiple TAA. These persist for many decades in parous females, but are not found in age-matched females without children. We also detected TAA-specific Treg cells, which suppressed strong effector T cell responses after delivery. Nulliparous breast cancer patients displayed median TAA-specific effector T cell responses to be decreased threefold compared to parous patients, which could be restored in vitro after depletion of Treg cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity improves anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer patients

et al. 2017

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“…In rodents, these cells home to the lactating gland from the maternal intestine and respiratory tract. In humans, these cells are phenotypically distinct from those in the blood (85)(86)(87). In animal studies, these cells can traverse the gastrointestinal tract and are functional in the suckling animal, but human data are sparse and controversial (88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93).…”

Section: Breast Milk Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of pediatric HIV infection

Tobin

Aldrovandi

2013

Immunological Reviews

101

116

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Summary Most infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women escape HIV infection. Infants evade infection despite an immature immune system and, in the case of breastfeeding, prolonged repetitive, exposure. If infants become infected, the course of their infection and response to treatment differs dramatically depending upon the timing (in utero, intrapartum, or during breastfeeding) and potentially the route of their infection. Perinatally acquired HIV infection occurs during a critical window of immune development. HIV’s perturbation of this dynamic process may account for the striking age-dependent differences in HIV disease progression. HIV infection also profoundly disrupts the maternal immune system upon which infants rely for protection and immune instruction. Therefore, it is not surprising that infants who escape HIV infection still suffer adverse effects. In this review, we highlight the unique aspects of pediatric HIV transmission and pathogenesis with a focus on mechanisms by which HIV infection during immune ontogeny may allow discovery of key elements for protection and control from HIV.

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“…Breastfeeding is the recommended method of feeding for all infants irrespective of whether the country of origin is low, middle, or high-income [1]. Human milk is a rich source of nutrients and bioactive components, such as the antimicrobial proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme, and contains an array of oligosaccharides which serve as a source of prebiotics [2][3][4][5]. It is now well accepted that human milk contains a rich supply of bacteria (~10 6 bacterial cells/mL), which are believed to play an important role in postnatal colonization of the infant's gastrointestinal tract (gut) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the relationship between maternal body size, gestational glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery and ethnicity on human milk microbiota at three months post-partum

et al. 2020

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Background: Few studies have examined how maternal body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery and ethnicity affect the microbial composition of human milk and none have examined associations with maternal metabolic status. Given the high prevalence of maternal adiposity and impaired glucose metabolism, we systematically investigated the associations between these maternal factors in women ≥20 years and milk microbial composition and predicted functionality by V4-16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (NCT01405547; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT01405547). Demographic data, weight, height, and a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test were gathered at 30 (95% CI: 25-33) weeks gestation, and milk samples were collected at 3 months post-partum (n = 113).

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Cellular Immunity in Breast Milk: Implications for Postnatal Transmission of HIV-1 to the Infant

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Parity improves anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer patients

Parity improves anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer patients

Immunology of pediatric HIV infection

Examining the relationship between maternal body size, gestational glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery and ethnicity on human milk microbiota at three months post-partum

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