Cellular Immunity and T‐Lymphocyte Subsets in Young Children With Acute Measles

Dagan, Ron; Phillip, Moshe; Sarov, Israel; Skibin, A.; Epstein, S. W.; Kuperman, O

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890220209

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Profound lymphopenia has previously been associated with severe measles and high mortality in African children (22,23,45), and the four children in our study who died during hospitalization had lymphocyte counts in the lowest quartile at study entry. More profound decreases in T-cell counts during acute measles have also been associated with malnutrition (24), and the acutely malnourished (wasted) children enrolled in our study had lymphocyte counts lower than those of children who were not wasted. Interestingly, stunted children had higher lymphocyte counts, but the reason for and importance of this observation are unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Lymphopenia is a characteristic of many acute viral infections, including measles (4,8,10,13,22,24,25,44,45,50). Profound lymphopenia has previously been associated with severe measles and high mortality in African children (22,23,45), and the four children in our study who died during hospitalization had lymphocyte counts in the lowest quartile at study entry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and Phenotypic Changes in Circulating Lymphocytes from Hospitalized Zambian Children with Measles

Ryon

Moss

Monze

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Measles is associated with immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to secondary infections and is a particular problem in developing countries. Lymphocyte changes accompanying immune activation and regulation of the immune response may contribute to immunosuppression. To evaluate lymphocyte changes during measles, children (n ‫؍‬ 274) hospitalized with measles in Lusaka, Zambia, were evaluated at entry, discharge, and 1-month follow-up and compared to healthy Zambian children (n ‫؍‬ 98). Lymphopenia was present on hospital admission and reflected decreased CD4 and CD8 T cells but resolved quickly. Lymphopenia was most marked in girls, in those with temperatures of >38.5°C, and in malnourished children. CD4/CD8 ratios were decreased at all time points and were lower in boys than in girls at discharge and follow-up. Spontaneous death occurred in cultured lymphocytes, and the proportions of freshly isolated cells undergoing apoptosis, based on annexin V and propidium iodide staining, were increased. Surface Fas was increased on both CD4 and CD8 T cells compared to controls, and expression was greater on CD4 T cells and was inversely correlated with lymphocyte viability in culture at study entry. Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes improved viability, but inhibitors of Fas, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and TNF did not. Plasma levels of ␤ 2 microglobulin and soluble Fas, Fas ligand, CD8, CD4, and TNF receptor were increased, and soluble CD8 was higher in boys than in girls. The multiple effects of measles on lymphocytes from Zambian children include decreased numbers in circulation, increased activation, and increased susceptibility to cell death, with substantive differences in the magnitude of these changes between boys and girls.Measles causes nearly 1 million deaths per year worldwide, with the heaviest burden occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (9). The high morbidity and mortality associated with measles virus (MV) infection is due primarily to secondary infections, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts (12,53,55). Increased susceptibility to other infectious diseases has been linked to the immune suppression associated with this infection. Cell-mediated immunity, manifested by decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to skin test antigens and decreased proliferation of lymphocytes after stimulation in vitro, is suppressed, and this suppression may persist for several months after recovery (74,80,86,87).The mechanism of MV-induced immune suppression is incompletely understood, and few studies of children in developing countries, where mortality rates are highest, have been done. Lymphocyte activation is a consistent feature of acute measles (34, 38) in North and South American children, and we have proposed that the observed cytokine "shift" from type 1 cytokines early during infection to type 2 cytokines during and after recovery (35) inhibits development of effective type 1 cytokine-mediated cell-mediated immunity responses upon subsequent exp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Phenotypic Changes in Circulating Lymphocytes from Hospitalized Zambian Children with Measles

Ryon

Moss

Monze

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…By contrast, Joffe et al [18] and others, [2,8] reported that the numbers of CD3 § and CD4 § cell subsets are depressed but that the percentage of CD8 § subsets is unchanged. This results in a decrease or reversal of the CD4/8 ratio during acute measles infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Lymphocyte cultures with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation were performed [8] and all results expressed as the stimulation index.…”

Section: Mitogen Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The inflammatory cytokines in measles: Correlation between serum interferon-γ levels and lymphocyte subpopulations

et al. 1992

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Abstract. , tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and interferon gamma (IFN-7) were measured in serum from children with measles using an immunoradiometric assay. The IFN-7 level was increased in 52 out of 54 patients in the acute phase of measles (< 7 days of illness), and then declined to an undetectable level in the convalescent phase. Neither IL-1 nor TNF could be detected during the course of the illness. The mean serum IFN-7 level was at its peak on day 4 and could be detected over a 7-day period after the onset of fever, coinciding with the febrile period (6.9 + 1.5 days). In the acute phase, the phytohaemagglutinin responses, absolute number of platelets, total lymphocyte counts, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + cell counts and the CD4/8 ratio were depressed, while stab cell number and lactate dehydrogenase levels were higher than those in the convalescent phase. Using Spearman rank sum test, the IFN-7 level was correlated negatively with the peripheral lymphocyte (P<0.01), CD3 + (P<0.05), CD4 + (P< 0.05) cell counts and the CD4/8 ratio (P < 0.05) and correlated positively with the stab cell count (P < 0.01) but not with any other parameter. When the acute phase findings were compared between 28 complicated and 40 uncomplicated patients, the former were younger (P < 0.01) and had higher maximum body temperature during the illness (P < 0.05) than the latter, there was no difference in their IFN-7 levels. These results show that endogenous IFN-7 appears in the circulation during the acute febrile phase of measles, but does not contribute directly to any complication of the disease.

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“…Acute measles and its sequelae which might follow are usually accompanied by disorders in the immune system [4,11]. Yet, high titres of antibodies to measles virus are detected in patients with autoimmune disorders [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of measles virus genome in blood leucocytes of patients with certain autoimmune diseases

Andjaparidze

Chaplygina

Bogomolova

et al. 1989

Archives of Virology

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Cellular Immunity and T‐Lymphocyte Subsets in Young Children With Acute Measles

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Functional and Phenotypic Changes in Circulating Lymphocytes from Hospitalized Zambian Children with Measles

Functional and Phenotypic Changes in Circulating Lymphocytes from Hospitalized Zambian Children with Measles

The inflammatory cytokines in measles: Correlation between serum interferon-γ levels and lymphocyte subpopulations

Detection of measles virus genome in blood leucocytes of patients with certain autoimmune diseases

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