Cellular functions of Rab GTPases at a glance

Zhen, Yan; Stenmark, Harald

doi:10.1242/jcs.166074

Cited by 340 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…They recruit specific effector proteins, such as cargo adaptors to form transport vesicles, motor proteins to move the vesicle to its target membrane, as well as tethering proteins to aid the fusion machinery when the vesicular cargo reaches its destination (Stenmark, 2009;Zhen and Stenmark, 2015). Each Rab protein localizes to a distinct membrane compartment and, by doing so, Rabs are thought to provide specificity to membrane trafficking.…”

Section: Rab Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into autophagosome–lysosome fusion

Nakamura

Yoshimori

2017

Journal of Cell Science

415

324

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Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a highly conserved intracellular degradation system that is essential for homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. Due to the wide variety of the cytoplasmic targets of autophagy, its dysregulation is associated with many diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease and cancer. During autophagy, cytoplasmic materials are sequestered by the autophagosome -a double-membraned structure -and transported to the lysosome for digestion. The specific stages of autophagy are induction, formation of the isolation membrane (phagophore), formation and maturation of the autophagosome and, finally, fusion with a late endosome or lysosome. Although there are significant insights into each of these steps, the mechanisms of autophagosomelysosome fusion are least understood, although there have been several recent advances. In this Commentary, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding autophagosome-lysosome fusion, focusing on mammals, and discuss the remaining questions and future directions of the field.

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Section: Rab Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into autophagosome–lysosome fusion

Nakamura

Yoshimori

2017

Journal of Cell Science

415

324

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“…Rabs are master regulators of intracellular vesicular transport and more than 60 Rabs have been identified in humans, pointing to the complexity in the endomembrane system and trafficking pathways that has evolved in higher eukaryotes (Zhen and Stenmark, 2015).…”

Section: Rab Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional traffic between the Golgi and the endosomes – machineries and regulation

Progida

Bakke

2016

Journal of Cell Science

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The bidirectional transport between the Golgi complex and the endocytic pathway has to be finely regulated in order to ensure the proper delivery of newly synthetized lysosomal enzymes and the return of sorting receptors from degradative compartments. The high complexity of these routes has led to experimental difficulties in properly dissecting and separating the different pathways. As a consequence, several models have been proposed during the past decades. However, recent advances in our understanding of endosomal dynamics have helped to unify these different views. We provide here an overview of the current insights into the transport routes between Golgi and endosomes in mammalian cells. The focus of the Commentary is on the key molecules involved in the trafficking pathways between these intracellular compartments, such as Rab proteins and sorting receptors, and their regulation. A proper understanding of the bidirectional traffic between the Golgi complex and the endolysosomal system is of uttermost importance, as several studies have demonstrated that mutations in the factors involved in these transport pathways result in various pathologies, in particular lysosome-associated diseases and diverse neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

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“…In Paramecium such work has included mainly SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor [NSF] attachment protein receptors) proteins, actin and H + -ATPase, as summarized previously (Plattner 2010) as well as Ca 2+ -release channels (CRC) of the type inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP 3 R) and ryanodine receptor-like proteins (RyR-LP) (Ladenburger and Plattner 2011;Ladenburger et al 2006Ladenburger et al , 2009Plattner 2015a), as summarized recently (Plattner and Verkhratsky 2015). This is complemented by monomeric GTP (guanosine trisphosphate) binding proteins (G-proteins), the GTPases, not only in higher eukaryotes (Zhen and Stenmark 2015) but also in ciliates (Bright et al 2010). Isoforms, i.e.…”

Section: Molecular Key Playersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Principles of Intracellular Signaling in Ciliated Protozoa—A Brief Outline

Plattner

2016

Biocommunication of Ciliates

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Ciliates have available most of the intracellular signaling mechanisms known from metazoans. Long-range signals are represented by firmly installed microtubules serving as gliding rails aiming at specific targets. Many components are distinctly arranged to guarantee locally restricted effects. Short-range signals include Ca 2+ , provided from different sources, and proteins for membrane recognition and fusion, such as SNAREs, GTPases and high affinity Ca 2+ -binding proteins (still to be defined). A battery of ion conductances serves for electric coupling from the outside medium to specific responses, notably ciliary activity, which also underlies gravitaxis responses. Eventually cyclic nucleotides are involved, e.g. in ciliary signaling. Furthermore, an elaborate system of protein kinases and phosphatases exerts signaling mechanisms in widely different processes.

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Cellular functions of Rab GTPases at a glance

Cited by 340 publications

References 85 publications

New insights into autophagosome–lysosome fusion

New insights into autophagosome–lysosome fusion

Bidirectional traffic between the Golgi and the endosomes – machineries and regulation

Principles of Intracellular Signaling in Ciliated Protozoa—A Brief Outline

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