Cellular Function Probes

Abstract

This unit covers many of the fluorescent probes used in cell biology, such as green fluorescent protein, esterase and peptidase substrates, intracellular thiols, lipid probes, and probes for intracellular ions. It brings to light the chemical relationships between certain probes and relates these properties to their functional application. Correct use of these probes requires an understanding of how they are taken up and distributed within the cell and where appropriate, what factors will affect the fluorescence emission from the probe. This is particularly important for probes of pH and calcium flux.

Progress and Developments in Tau Aggregation Inhibitors for Alzheimer Disease

“…194,195 Indeed, numerous cyanine dyes are routinely used in laboratories as molecular probes for staining of nucleic acids and mitochondria. 196,197 Finally, the low reduction potential of cyanine dyes impedes a potential involvement in redox cycling, a desirable characteristic too often neglected in drug development. 198 ■ AMINOTHIENOPYRIDAZINES Aminothienopyridazines (APTZs) have been recently identified as potent inhibitors of P301L K18 Tau aggregation from the screening of a library of 292 000 compounds.…”

“…On the other hand, the influence of the polymethine bridge is poorly documented and might be prone to first pass metabolism. Cyanine dyes might also complex to DNA. , Indeed, numerous cyanine dyes are routinely used in laboratories as molecular probes for staining of nucleic acids and mitochondria. , Finally, the low reduction potential of cyanine dyes impedes a potential involvement in redox cycling, a desirable characteristic too often neglected in drug development …”

Experimental Conditions and Mathematical Analysis of Kinetic Measurements Using Flow Cytometry – The FacsKin Method

“…Additionally to cytoplasmic Ca 2+ signal (June et al, 1990) the development of a number of fluorescent probes (Johnson, 2001) provided an opportunity to measure the kinetics of other intracellular parameters such as membrane potential, mitochondrial Ca 2+ levels and superoxide generation .…”