Cellular fatty acyl and alkenyl residues in Megasphaera and Pectinatus species: contrasting profiles and detection of beer spoilage

Helander, Ilkka M.; Haikara, Auli

doi:10.1099/13500872-141-5-1131

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our cellular fatty acid composition of the wild-type cells of P. frisingensis is in good agreement with that described by Helander and Haikara [18]. The nisin-resistant strain of P. frisingensis grown in the presence or absence of nisin 5000 IU ml 31 showed a twofold lower unsaturation index when compared to the parental strain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Involvement of cell envelope in nisin resistance of Pectinatus frisingensis, a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic beer-spoilage bacterium naturally sensitive to nisin

Chihib¹

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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A nisin-resistant strain of Pectinatus frisingensis (Nis-5000) to high nisin concentration (5000 IU ml 3:1 ) was isolated. The nisin resistance phenotype of strain Nis-5000 was stable after five passages through nisin-free medium. The involvement of the cell envelope in nisin resistance was investigated. EDTA treatment of Nis-5000 strain cells did not render them sensitive to the bacteriocin, suggesting that the lipopolysaccharide layer was not involved in nisin resistance. The Nis-5000 strain shows a significantly different fatty acid composition compared with that of the wild-type strain. The modifications occurred mainly in C17 :1 (P 6 0.05) and C18 :cyclo (P 6 0.05), suggesting the involvement of membrane fluidity in preventing nisin's effect. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Fatty acids as methyl esters were identi¢ed by using retention time and mass spectral data. Presence of dimethyl acetals (DMA) derived from alk-1-enyl chains was detected by fragment ions at m/z 75 [18]. Three samples were withdrawn from each strain and each experiment was done in triplicate.…”

Section: Cellular Fatty Acid Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of cell envelope in nisin resistance of Pectinatus frisingensis, a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic beer-spoilage bacterium naturally sensitive to nisin

Chihib¹

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…The fatty acids are heavily dominated by odd-numbered fatty acids; 11:0, 15:0, 17:1, 18:cyc and 13:0(3-OH) were the main fatty acids detected in both species (Helander and Haikara, 1995). Alk-1-enyl chains with chain lengths of 15 to 18 also were found, indicating the presence of plasmalogens common in strict anaerobic bacteria.…”

Section: Cell Envelope Componentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pectinatus, Megasphaera and Zymophilus

Haikara¹,

Helander²

2006

The Prokaryotes

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“…Where such compounds are known or suspected to occur in a group, efforts should be made to record their presence/absence. There is evidence that dimethyl acetals have been reported to occur in some organisms where hydroxylated fatty acids elute with the same retention time and may have been mistakenly identified as dimethyl acetals instead of the hydroxylated fatty acid (Moore et al, 1994;Helander & Haikara, 1995). For example, 1,1-dimethoxy-12-methyl-pentadecane (C 15 : 0 anteiso-DMA) exhibits an ECL of 20.0008 in GC analyses compared with C 14 : 0 2-OH (Kämpfer et al, 2000).…”

Section: Non-isoprenoid Based-ether-linked Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes

Tindall

Rosselló‐Móra

Busse

et al. 2010

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

1,210

959

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Taxonomy relies on three key elements: characterization, classification and nomenclature. All three elements are dynamic fields, but each step depends on the one which precedes it. Thus, the nomenclature of a group of organisms depends on the way they are classified, and the classification (among other elements) depends on the information gathered as a result of characterization. While nomenclature is governed by the Bacteriological Code, the classification and characterization of prokaryotes is an area that is not formally regulated and one in which numerous changes have taken place in the last 50 years. The purpose of the present article is to outline the key elements in the way that prokaryotes are characterized, with a view to providing an overview of some of the pitfalls commonly encountered in taxonomic papers. INTRODUCTIONThe characterization of a strain is a key element in prokaryote systematics. Although various new methodologies have been developed over the past 100 years, both the newer methodologies and those considered to be 'traditional' remain key elements in determining whether a strain belongs to a known taxon or constitutes a novel one. In the case of a known taxon, a selected set of tests may be used to determine whether a strain has been identified as a member of an existing taxon. However, in the case of a strain or set of strains shown to be novel taxa, they should be characterized as comprehensively as possible. The goal of this characterization is to place them within the hierarchical framework laid down by the Bacteriological Code (1990 revision) (Lapage et al., 1992), as well as to provide a description of the taxa. Strains should be allocated to species (and/or subspecies), but the nature of the 'species name' (a binomial or combination) dictates that it must also be assigned to a genus. The genus may be either an existing or a novel genus. The Bacteriological Code also recommends that the placement of a genus in a family should be mentioned, and this can be extended to the other hierarchical levels as these become defined. Although this approach may appear novel, with much emphasis currently being placed on the species, the advent of 16S rRNA gene sequencing forces us to choose between primers that are specific for members of the Archaea or for members of the Bacteria, so the first step in that direction is already routine in many laboratories. However, such a classification system is only possible if strains are comprehensively and properly characterized. A further key element is the way in which datasets are compared and it is here too that some degree of guidance and a discussion of the potential problems needs to be provided. In the case of species, various recommendations have been made with respect to the ways in which species may be delineated and it is important to consider these aspects when considering how new strains are to be placed in novel species. However, far too little attention has been paid to the way in which taxa above the rank of species should be characterized a...

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Cellular fatty acyl and alkenyl residues in Megasphaera and Pectinatus species: contrasting profiles and detection of beer spoilage

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Involvement of cell envelope in nisin resistance of Pectinatus frisingensis, a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic beer-spoilage bacterium naturally sensitive to nisin

Involvement of cell envelope in nisin resistance of Pectinatus frisingensis, a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic beer-spoilage bacterium naturally sensitive to nisin

Pectinatus, Megasphaera and Zymophilus

Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes

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