Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Shearer, Gene M.; Cudkowicz, Gustavo

doi:10.1084/jem.129.5.935

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Marrow cells were transplanted along with 5 X l0 T thymocytes to ensure that only the former cells would limit immune responses. The method of maximum likelihood was used to estimate probability values and 95% confidence intervals, as described in preceding publications (17,18). Whenever the results were not adequately described by the Poisson model, the "sign" test (19) was used to compare the proportions of positive spleens by the direct and indirect plaque assays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assays for Plaque-Forming Cells.--Direct and indirect PFC were enumerated in spleen cell suspensions of recipient mice by the agar gel method of Jerne, as described (17,18). Indirect PFC were developed by polyvalent rabbit or goat anti-mouse gamma globulin antisera, at dilutions inhibitory for 60-80% of direct PFC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell Suspensions, Transplantation, and Immunization.--Nucleated bone marrow and thymus cells of normal mice, suspended in Eagle's medium, were counted and injected into a lateral tail vein of irradiated mice as previously described (17,18). 5 X l0 s washed sheep erythrocytes were injected intravenously 18-24 hr after transplantation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irradiation.--Mice to be grafted with marrow cells and/or thymocytes were exposed to 800-850 R of total body X-radiation as described elsewhere (17,18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 98 mice were grafted in two repeated experiments. 5 X l0 s SRBC were given the next day, and individual spleens were assayed for their content of direct and indirect PFC at the time of peak response, i.e., 9-10 days after transplantation (18). The number of BDF1 thymocytes was chosen on the basis of previous experiments (20), so as to provide every recipient with a large excess of antigen-re-active cells (ARC) necessary for formation of antigen-sensitive units (ASU).…”

Section: Frequency Of Direct and Indirect Pfc Responses In Syngeneic mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Cudkowicz

Shearer

Ito

1970

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Marrow cells and 5 x 107 thymocytes of unprimed (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1, (C57BL/10 x WB)F1 and (C3H x C57BL)F1 donor mice were mixed in vitro and transplanted into X-irradiated syngeneic hosts. Upon injection of sheep erythrocytes, splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) secreting IgM (direct PFC or IgG (indirect PFC) hemolytic antibody were enumerated at the time of peak responses. By grading the numbers of marrow cells, inocula were found that contained few immunocompetent cells reaching the recipient spleens, interacting with thymocytes or other accessory cells (or both), and generating PFC. The frequency of responses in BDF1 mice conformed to Poisson statistics, indicating that immunocompetent marrow cells participated in a single-hit interaction limiting PFC responses. The marrow cells assayed were not restricted for the antibody class (IgM versus IgG) to be secreted by mature PFC. Unrestricted marrow cells could have been either the precursors of PFC or accessory cells. Different results were obtained in BWF1 and C3BF1 mice. The frequency of responses in relation to the number of marrow cells grafted did not follow Poisson statistics, and the limiting cells were restricted for antibody class. Presumably, immunocompetent cells of these strains were more heterogeneous than those of BDF1 mice and participated in a multiplicity of cell-to-cell interactions. The strain differences reflected inherent properties of marrow cells and not influences of the environment in which PFC were produced. The results confirmed for bone marrow the heterogeneity of immunocompetent cells reported by others for spleen, and suggested that genetic factors such as "immune response" genes regulate cellular differentiation also for functions other than those related to antibody specificity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irradiation.--Mice to be grafted with marrow cells and/or thymocytes were exposed to 800-850 R of total body X-radiation as described elsewhere (17,18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Frequency Of Direct and Indirect Pfc Responses In Syngeneic mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Cudkowicz

Shearer

Ito

1970

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Clones of antibody‐forming cells in pokeweed mitogen stimulated microcultures. II. Estimation of the frequency of precursor cells and the average clone size

Quintáns¹,

Lefkovits²

1974

Eur J Immunol

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In allogeneically complemented microcultures.of nude spleen cells, the frequency of B precursor cells engaged in the anti-SRC response is considerably higher in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) (3 x 1 O-' -1 x lo4) than in the absence of PWM (1.1 x lo-' -5 x These precursor cells, in the absence of PWM, give rise t o clones of plaque-forming cells (PFC) with an average clone size of 30-70 at the peak of the response.The addition of PWM results in a smaller average clone size (20-40 PFC/ clone) as well as an early decline of the response. It is proposed that in this system at least, PWM does not act mainly as a mitogen but rather as an agent that in the presence of T cells, induces the maturation of B cells.

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Increased reactivity of responding cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction by a thymic humoral factor

Umiel

Trainin

1975

Eur J Immunol

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A thymic humoral factor (THF) induces competence in a certain sector of the lymphoid cell population. The target cell for THF activity was studied using the one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Cells from various lymphoid tissues (responding cells) were preincubated in THF for 1 hour and then mixed with mitomycin-C-treated cells (stimulating cells). The results obtained indicate that THF increases MLC competence of lymphocytes from spleen and thymus origin of intact mice and that of spleen of thymus-deprived mice. In contrast, no enhancing effect in the MLC response by THF could be observed when bone marrow-derived spleen cells, cortisone-resistant thymocytes or lymph node cells were used as responding cells. These results confirm our hypothesis that THF leads to differentiation of young thymus-derived (T) cells, promoting them to maturation and thus to the acquisition of full immune competence.

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Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Clones of antibody‐forming cells in pokeweed mitogen stimulated microcultures. II. Estimation of the frequency of precursor cells and the average clone size

Increased reactivity of responding cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction by a thymic humoral factor

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