Cellular Development Associated with Induced Mycotoxin Synthesis in the Filamentous Fungus Fusarium graminearum

Menke, Jon; Weber, Jakob; Broz, Karen; Kistler, H. Corby

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063077

Cited by 103 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Similar to the DON biosynthesis enzyme TRI5 in F. graminearum (Blum et al, 2016;Boenisch et al, 2017), the F. pseudograminearum FCK1-GFP is also localized in the cytosol (Figure 4.3). Under the fusatin biosynthesis inducing conditions F. pseudograminearum also developed ovoid cells (Figure 4.3, second row), which are similar to those previously observed in F. graminearum during DON biosynthesis inducing conditions (Blum et al, 2016;Menke et al, 2013). …”

Section: The Fusatin Biosynthesis Enzyme Fck1 Is Localized In the Cytsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…An HMS1-GFP strain had been generated by transformation of a fusion PCR construct into protoplasts as described before (Menke et al, 2013). This HMS1-GFP strain had then been crossed with the previously published TRI4-RFP strain (Menke et al, 2013) to generate the double tagged HMS1-GFP/TRI4-RFP strain. The crossing procedure is described in detail in Boenisch et al (2017).…”

Section: Fungal Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crossing procedure is described in detail in Boenisch et al (2017). An HMS1-RFP strain had been generated by transformation of a fusion PCR construct into protoplasts as described previously (Menke et al, 2013). This HMS1-RFP strain had then been crossed with the previously published TRI5-GFP strain (Boenisch et al, 2017) …”

Section: Fungal Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Novel insights into the cell biology behind DON production by Menke et al (2013) and Boenisch et al (2017) showed that F. graminearum develops subcellular structures, called toxisomes, when it produces toxin in vitro as well as during plant infection. Menke et al (2013) had described these subcellular structures as toxisomes in accordance to the aflatoxisomes, which Aspergillus parasiticus develops during aflatoxin production (reviewed in Roze et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Menke et al (2013) had described these subcellular structures as toxisomes in accordance to the aflatoxisomes, which Aspergillus parasiticus develops during aflatoxin production (reviewed in Roze et al, 2011). In A. parasiticus aflatoxin biosynthesis starts in peroxisomes and continues in the specialized aflatoxisomes which develop through the fusion of peroxisome and mitochondria derived vesicles with cytoplasm-to-vacuole transport vesicles and secretory vesicles (reviewed in Roze et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation and cell biology of secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

Blum¹

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1 AbstractAscomycete fungi have the potential to produce a vast array of secondary metabolites, which are metabolites not required for normal growth and development. In any one species there is typically the potential for production of upward of fifty of these compounds. Many fungal secondary metabolites are used as medicines (e.g. penicillin or cyclosporine), or are of importance due to their toxicity in humans or animals (e.g. aflatoxins), or because they are virulence factors during crop plant infection (e.g. deoxynivalenol). Despite the vast potential encoded in ascomycete genomes, the vast majority of fungal secondary metabolites are yet to be discovered. This is in part due to our lack of understanding of how the production of these compounds is regulated. Moreover, even for the compounds we do know, we are just beginning to understand the complex interaction of external stimuli, signalling pathways, cellular and developmental biology that leads to their production. In this thesis, biological insights into these aspects of two fungal secondary metabolites, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fusatin are provided.In chapter II a high-throughput fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based mutant screen was developed and the regulation of DON production in Fusarium graminearum was analysed. DON is an economically very important mycotoxin, as it is the most common contaminant of wheat, barley and corn worldwide. It is produced by plant pathogenic filamentous fungi of the Fusarium family, which can cause Fusarium head blight as well as Fusarium crown rot. During plant infection, DON is an important virulence factor and it can be toxic for humans and animals. The regulation of DON production is not yet fully understood. To identify regulators, a mutant screen was developed using FACS to allow high throughput screening, coupled with whole genome sequencing to identify mutations.Segregation analyses were performed to determine the mutation causing the phenotype.The mutant screen identified an adenylyl cyclase allele, which resulted in production of DON under normally repressive conditions. In addition, the mutant developed cellular structures associated with toxin production under repressive conditions. The levels of the fundamental second messenger cAMP, which adenylyl cyclases produce, were increased in the identified mutant, suggesting it might be a gain-of-function adenylyl cyclase mutant. This mutant screening methodology can be adapted to identify regulators of different secondary metabolites as well as to identify mutants overproducing yet unknown secondary metabolites. Abstract 2In chapter III the cell biology of DON production in Fusarium graminearum was elucidated with quantitative super resolution microscopy. During the last five years the first insights into the cell biology of DON production were gained, indicating complex cell biological mechanisms. During toxin production, F. graminearum develops endoplasmic reticulum proliferations, called toxisomes, at which two DON biosynthesis enzymes, TRI1 a...

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Section: The Fusatin Biosynthesis Enzyme Fck1 Is Localized In the Cytsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Fungal Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation and cell biology of secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

Blum¹

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The b‐ZIP transcription factor FgTfmI is required for the fungicide phenamacril tolerance and pathogenecity in Fusarium graminearum

Liu

Dawood

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Due to the unavailability of FHB‐resistant wheat cultivars, chemical fungicide application is currently the most effective approach for controlling FHB now. In the last few years, a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide, phenamacril, has been widely used in China for FHB disease management. In previous studies, we identified that myosin I (FgMyo1) is the target of phenamacril and is essential for mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis and fungal growth. However, the regulation of FgMYO1 gene expression is still largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we identified a b‐ZIP transcription factor, FgTfmI, which regulates the mRNA expression of FgMYO1 upon phenamacril treatment. The FgTfmI directly binds to the promoter region of FgMYO1, and is required for the upregulation of FgMYO1 in response to phenamacril treatment. The deletion mutant of FgTFMI (ΔFgTfmI) displayed a slight growth defect, while it showed hypersensitivity to phenamacril, but not to other tested fungicides. FgTfmI also contributed to DON biosynthesis and the infection process in planta. CONCLUSIONS The transcription factor FgTfmI plays an important role in regulating transcription of the genes involved in phenamacril tolerance, DON biosynthesis and virulence in F. graminearum. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Aflatoxin Biosynthesis: Regulation and Subcellular Localization

2014

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Cellular Development Associated with Induced Mycotoxin Synthesis in the Filamentous Fungus Fusarium graminearum

Cited by 103 publications

References 39 publications

Regulation and cell biology of secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

Regulation and cell biology of secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

The b‐ZIP transcription factor FgTfmI is required for the fungicide phenamacril tolerance and pathogenecity in Fusarium graminearum

Aflatoxin Biosynthesis: Regulation and Subcellular Localization

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