Cellular characterization of compression-induceddamage in live biological samples

Bo, Chiara; Balzer, Jens; Hahnel, Mark; Rankin, Sara M.; Brown, Katherine A.; Proud, W. G.

doi:10.1063/1.3686243

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…One such study conducted by Bo et al 24 involves using a Hopkinson bar system which can produce pressure states and time durations in a controlled fashion that are of the same level and duration as those seen in blast waves. In this way it will be possible to establish if it is the peak pressure, length of pulse or overall energy deposited which are the main controlling factors on the type of damage caused.…”

Section: Summary and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical basis of explosion and blast injury processes

2013

J R Army Med Corps

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Energetic materials are widely used in civilian and military applications, such as quarrying and mining, flares, and in munitions. Recent conflicts have involved the widespread use of improvised explosive devices to attack military, civilians and infrastructure. This article gives a basic overview of explosive technology and the underlying physical processes that produce the injuries encountered. In particular aspects relevant to primary and secondary injuries are discussed.

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Section: Summary and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical basis of explosion and blast injury processes

2013

J R Army Med Corps

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“…Wave profiles and peak pressures can be measured using this apparatus; and we have demonstrated that our system delivers a pressure stimulus as 7.6 ± 0.8 MPa peak pressure over a 90-μs duration [14]. The design of the chamber also enables recovery of samples for further cell-based and molecular analyses.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our current system for studying the effects of high compression waves on cell cultures and tissues involves the use of a customized polycarbonate confinement chamber adapted for use on a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) [13,14]. Wave profiles and peak pressures can be measured using this apparatus; and we have demonstrated that our system delivers a pressure stimulus as 7.6 ± 0.8 MPa peak pressure over a 90-μs duration [14].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid recovery of the sample after compression is essential to allow cellbased assay. To demonstrate the utility of the experimental setup we applied a high intensity compression wave to a mouse-derived mesenchymal stem cell culture and were able to capture information about the levels and nature of cell death and damage (described in detail in [14]). …”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for studying how high-intensity compression waves cause damage in human blast injuries

Brown¹,

Bo²,

Masouros³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Since World War I, explosions have accounted for over 70% of all injuries in conflict. With the development of improved personnel protection of the torso, improved medical care and faster aeromedical evacuation, casualties are surviving with more severe injuries to the extremities. Understanding the processes involved in the transfer of blast-induced shock waves through biological tissues is essential for supporting efforts aimed at mitigating and treating blast injury. Given the inherent heterogeneities in the human body, we argue that studying these processes demands a highly integrated approach requiring expertise in shock physics, biomechanics and fundamental biological processes. This multidisciplinary systems approach enables one to develop the experimental framework for investigating the material properties of human tissues that are subjected to high compression waves in blast conditions and the fundamental cellular processes altered by this type of stimuli. Ultimately, we hope to use the information gained from these studies in translational research aimed at developing improved protection for those at risk and improved clinical outcomes for those who have been injured from a blast wave.

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“…To help elucidate the mechanisms behind primary blast injuries, experimental models have been created to produce waveforms, such as the Friedlander wave, which cells and tissues will face when exposed to a genuine blast event. Current systems listed in the literature include shock tubes 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 , barochambers 18 19 , the Kolsky bar 20 , advanced blast simulators 21 , the Split Hopkinson pressure bar 22 , and the recreation of alternative blast events in a controlled environment using pentaerythritol tetranitrate 23 . Despite the wide range of models available, many variables influence the injury obtained from blast waves, including the pre-stress applied to, and the mechanical properties of, the individual cell types or tissues under evaluation 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Primary Blast Effects <em>In Vitro</em>

Logan

Arora

2017

JoVE

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Exposure to blast events can cause severe trauma to vital organs such as the lungs, ears, and brain. Understanding the mechanisms behind such blast-induced injuries is of great importance considering the recent trend towards the use of explosives in modern warfare and terrorist-related incidents. To fully understand blast-induced injury, we must first be able to replicate such blast events in a controlled environment using a reproducible method. In this technique using shock tube equipment, shock waves at a range of pressures can be propagated over live cells grown in 2D, and markers of cell viability can be immediately analyzed using a redox indicator assay and the fluorescent imaging of live and dead cells. This method demonstrated that increasing the peak blast overpressure to 127 kPa can stimulate a significant drop in cell viability when compared to untreated controls. Test samples are not limited to adherent cells, but can include cell suspensions, whole-body and tissue samples, through minor modifications to the shock tube setup. Replicating the exact conditions that tissues and cells experience when exposed to a genuine blast event is difficult. Techniques such as the one presented in this article can help to define damage thresholds and identify the transcriptional and epigenetic changes within cells that arise from shock wave exposure.

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Cellular characterization of compression-induceddamage in live biological samples

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The physical basis of explosion and blast injury processes

The physical basis of explosion and blast injury processes

Prospects for studying how high-intensity compression waves cause damage in human blast injuries

Evaluating Primary Blast Effects <em>In Vitro</em>

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