Cellular Automaton Modeling of Austenite Nucleation and Growth in Hypoeutectoid Steel during Heating Process

Su, Bogong; Han, Zhiqiang; Liu, Baicheng

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.53.527

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A continuous nucleation model 7,15) (8) where ΔT is the value of overheating (ΔT=T-Ac1), nγ (ΔT) is the nucleus density, fN is the factor representing the influence of pearlite structure on the nucleation, QN is the activation energy of nucleation, and k is Boltzmann's constant. Austenite grains grow into the pearlite region at a velocity v (9) where fG is the factor representing the influence of pearlite structure on the growth rates, and QG is the activation energy of growth.…”

Section: Phase Transformation During Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CA method 6,7) was used in the simulation. A twodimensional computational domain was discretized into square cells.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the subsequent work, 7) the microstructure evolution of ASTM A216 WCA cast steel during heating process was simulated using the developed model. To validate the model, dilatometric and quenching experiments were carried out and experimental samples were taken from the center of the Step 1.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) In recent years, cellular automaton (CA) method has been successfully applied to simulate the microstructure evolution of steel, and it can provide not only the general microstructure information, such as volume fraction of phases, average grain size and overall transformation kinetics, but also the actual microstructure evolution, such as the morphology of phases, distribution of grains and solute concentration. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Kang et al 2) used a CA model to simulate the microstructure evolution of steel ingot during solidification process, in which the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) was considered. Yang et al 3) used a CA model to simulate the austenitization of hypoeutectoid steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Numerical Simulation of Microstructure Evolution of Heavy Steel Casting in Casting and Heat Treatment Processes

Han

Yongrang

et al. 2014

ISIJ Int.

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The microstructure evolution of hypoeutectoid steel during casting and heat treatment processes was simulated by using cellular automaton method. In the simulation, the peritectic solidification, α phase precipitation and pearlite transformation during casting process were considered, and the austenite formation, grain coarsening and decomposition during heat treatment were simulated. The final microstructure, including the average grain size and fraction of α phase as well as the average interlamellar spacing of pearlite, was obtained. The use of through-process simulation as well as a comparison with experiments was demonstrated using a hollow shaft casting as an example. By using the model, the microstructure evolution at different locations in the hollow shaft was simulated, in which the thermal history data obtained by simulating the casting and heat treatment processes were adopted. Metallographic samples taken from the test bar were examined and corresponding mechanical properties tests were conducted. The simulated results were compared with the experimental results to validate the model.

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Section: Phase Transformation During Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CA method 6,7) was used in the simulation. A twodimensional computational domain was discretized into square cells.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical Simulation of Microstructure Evolution of Heavy Steel Casting in Casting and Heat Treatment Processes

Han

Yongrang

et al. 2014

ISIJ Int.

Self Cite

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“…A number of mathematical models have been developed to predict the relationship between processing parameters and dendrite evolution since the 1950s . Sharp interface model, level set model, phase field model, and cellular automata (CA) model have been applied to the simulation of meso‐scale dendrite growth. Quantitative simulation of dendrite growth in a macroscopic system with feasible computational cost is a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three Dimensional Cellular Automata Model for Dendrite Growth in Non-Equilibrium Solidification of Binary Alloy

Zhao

Qin

Chen

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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A three‐dimensional (3D) cellular automata (CA) model has been developed for simulation of dendrite growth during non‐equilibrium solidification. The heat and mass transports are calculated using 3D finite element (FE) method. The migration of solid/liquid (SL) interface is associated with effective free energy difference incorporating solute trapping and relaxation effects. The non‐equilibrium solute partition coefficient involving solute trapping and relaxation effects is used to calculate solute redistribution at SL interface. The interface curvature and anisotropy of surface energy are introduced to represent the characteristics of dendrite tip. The CA model has been applied to simulate the microstructure evolution of Fe‐1.5 wt.% C alloy. The grain morphology, solute and temperature distributions, and velocity of dendrite tip are characterized during both isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions. The velocity of dendrite tip and secondary dendrite arm spacing during directional solidification are validated and are in good agreements with previous experimental and mathematical results.

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Study on the evolution of the microstructure, phase composition, three‐dimensional morphology, and hardness in the solution treatment of Mg−7.80Gd−2.43Y−0.38Zr alloy

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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The evolution of the microstructure, phase composition, three‐dimensional morphology, and hardness of Mg−7.80Gd−2.43Y−0.38Zr (wt.%) alloys during solution treatment at 480 °C is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro‐analyzer, nanoindentation, and x‐ray tomography. The as‐cast alloy consists of an α‐Mg matrix phase and divorced eutectics, including the secondary and the supersaturated magnesium phases. The chemical composition of the secondary phase is similar to that of Mg7.22(Gd, Y), and the nanoindentation hardness of the secondary phase is significantly higher than that of the α‐Mg matrix phase, according to the energy‐dispersive spectroscopic and nanoindentation analyses. The three‐dimensional morphology and quantitative information, such as the number and volume fraction of the secondary phases during the solution treatment, are discussed in detail. A large number of small acicular secondary phases are found near the large secondary phase after solution treatment at 480 °C for 1 h, while the acicular phase disappears completely after 2 h. The secondary phase dissolves into the α‐Mg matrix after solution treatment for 8 h, and the solution‐treated alloy primarily consists of an α‐Mg matrix phase and a cuboid‐shaped phase, which was identified as (Gd,Y)H2.

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Cellular Automaton Modeling of Austenite Nucleation and Growth in Hypoeutectoid Steel during Heating Process

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Numerical Simulation of Microstructure Evolution of Heavy Steel Casting in Casting and Heat Treatment Processes

Numerical Simulation of Microstructure Evolution of Heavy Steel Casting in Casting and Heat Treatment Processes

A Three Dimensional Cellular Automata Model for Dendrite Growth in Non-Equilibrium Solidification of Binary Alloy

Study on the evolution of the microstructure, phase composition, three‐dimensional morphology, and hardness in the solution treatment of Mg−7.80Gd−2.43Y−0.38Zr alloy

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