Cellular Automata-Based Application for Driver Assistance in Indoor Parking Areas

Abstract

This work proposes an adaptive recommendation mechanism for smart parking that takes advantage of the popularity of smartphones and the rise of the Internet of Things. The proposal includes a centralized system to forecast available indoor parking spaces, and a low-cost mobile application to obtain data of actual and predicted parking occupancy. The described scheme uses data from both sources bidirectionally so that the centralized forecast system is fed with data obtained with the distributed system based on smartphones, and vice versa. The mobile application uses different wireless technologies to provide the forecast system with actual parking data and receive from the system useful recommendations about where to park. Thus, the proposal can be used by any driver to easily find available parking spaces in indoor facilities. The client software developed for smartphones is a lightweight Android application that supplies precise indoor positioning systems based on Quick Response codes or Near Field Communication tags, and semi-precise indoor positioning systems based on Bluetooth Low Energy beacons. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated by conducting computer simulations and real experimentation with a preliminary implementation. The results have shown the strengths of the proposal in the reduction of the time and energy costs to find available parking spaces.

Distributed parking management architecture based on multi-agent systems

“…But, their proposed system does not offer a reservation service to facilitate the search for free parking. In 2016, Caballero-Gil et al [10] an intelligent guidance system based on IoT is proposed. The authors here developed an intelligent function to allow users to selfmanage car parks by an application via personal mobile devices.…”

Analysis and Tools for Improved Management of Connectionless and Connection-Oriented BLE Devices Coexistence

“…While it inherits many features from the legacy BT, BLE is different in terms of all the functionalities regarding smart energy management. The BT radio is integrated into more than 8.2 billion products, produced by over 30,000 Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) members [ 2 ], and this makes the BLE an ideal candidate for the wireless technology for Body Area Networks (BAN) and Internet of Things (IoT) markets, including automotive [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], smart cities [ 6 ], healthcare [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], fitness [ 11 , 12 ], consumer electronics [ 13 ], and building and home automation [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The advantages in the use of BLE include: (i) low power functionalities, operating for months or years on a coin-cell, (ii) small size and low cost, (iii) full compatibility with commonly-used devices such as mobile phones, tablets and computers.…”