Cellular Aquaculture: Prospects and Challenges

Abstract

Aquaculture plays an important role as one of the fastest-growing food-producing sectors in global food and nutritional security. Demand for animal protein in the form of fish has been increasing tremendously. Aquaculture faces many challenges to produce quality fish for the burgeoning world population. Cellular aquaculture can provide an alternative, climate-resilient food production system to produce quality fish. Potential applications of fish muscle cell lines in cellular aquaculture have raised the importance of developing and characterizing these cell lines. In vitro models, such as the mouse C2C12 cell line, have been extremely useful for expanding knowledge about molecular mechanisms of muscle growth and differentiation in mammals. Such studies are in an infancy stage in teleost due to the unavailability of equivalent permanent muscle cell lines, except a few fish muscle cell lines that have not yet been used for cellular aquaculture. The Prospect of cell-based aquaculture relies on the development of appropriate muscle cells, optimization of cell conditions, and mass production of cells in bioreactors. Hence, it is required to develop and characterize fish muscle cell lines along with their cryopreservation in cell line repositories and production of ideal mass cells in suitably designed bioreactors to overcome current cellular aquaculture challenges.

Continuous fish muscle cell line with capacity for myogenic and adipogenic-like phenotypes

“…As noted in Goswami et al . , confirmation of species identification is critical to cell line authenticity and regulation 35 . While we performed PCR analysis on 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to confirm the cell identity as S. scombrus , alternative approaches could target commonly sequenced DNA barcodes, such as other mitochondrial genes like 16S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I ( cox1 ), or cytochrome b ( cytb ) 36 .…”

Establishment and characterization of a new fibroblast-like cell line from the skin of a vertebrate model, zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Misidenti cation or cross-contamination of the cell lines is the major hindrance in cell culture systems intended for various in vitro applications. Hence, characterization of the cell line for its origin or any inter or intra-species cross-contamination using molecular approaches helps in studying the integrity of the cell line developed and also facilitates research accuracy [19]. Among the number of techniques for cell line authentication, PCR-based ampli cation of COI gene using sequence-speci c primers was employed to identify the species origin of developed cell lines [34].…”

Establishment and characterization of satellite muscle cells from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): Isolation, culture conditions, and myogenic protein expression

“…The world's leading cell line repositories such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Total cell line-4000; Fish cell line-19), Cell bank Australia, Australia (Total cell line-1500; Fish cell line-16), European Collections of Cell Cultures (ECACC; Total cell line-1100; Fish cell line-25), German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ; Total cell line-789; Fish cell line-17), National Repository of Fish Cell Line (NRFC; Total cell line-50; Fish cell line-50), Lucknow, India, provides the characterized and authenticated cell lines to researchers around the world (Goswami et al 2022). Cellulosaurus, a knowledge resource on cell lines, enlists 883 sh cell lines out of 104,421 from > 590 species.…”