Cellular and network mechanisms of rhythmic recurrent activity in neocortex

Sanchez-Vives, Maria V.; McCormick, David A.

doi:10.1038/79848

Cited by 1,370 publications

(1,595 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Another non–mutually exclusive possibility is that the complexity of residual thalamocortical networks may be reduced by functional imbalances leading to an excessive degree of neuronal bistability 42. This may happen, for example, following changes in the neuromodulatory milieu, when potassium currents are abnormally increased and when the balance between excitation and inhibition is disrupted 43, 44. In this regard, it is worth recalling that low complexity responses to cortical stimulation are the rule during states such as anesthesia18 and NREM sleep,45 when bistability is present but can be readily reversed 46…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity

Casarotto

Comanducci

Rosanova

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

371

436

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ObjectiveValidating objective, brain‐based indices of consciousness in behaviorally unresponsive patients represents a challenge due to the impossibility of obtaining independent evidence through subjective reports. Here we address this problem by first validating a promising metric of consciousness—the Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI)—in a benchmark population who could confirm the presence or absence of consciousness through subjective reports, and then applying the same index to patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs).MethodsThe benchmark population encompassed 150 healthy controls and communicative brain‐injured subjects in various states of conscious wakefulness, disconnected consciousness, and unconsciousness. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to define an optimal cutoff for discriminating between the conscious and unconscious conditions. This cutoff was then applied to a cohort of noncommunicative DOC patients (38 in a minimally conscious state [MCS] and 43 in a vegetative state [VS]).ResultsWe found an empirical cutoff that discriminated with 100% sensitivity and specificity between the conscious and the unconscious conditions in the benchmark population. This cutoff resulted in a sensitivity of 94.7% in detecting MCS and allowed the identification of a number of unresponsive VS patients (9 of 43) with high values of PCI, overlapping with the distribution of the benchmark conscious condition.InterpretationGiven its high sensitivity and specificity in the benchmark and MCS population, PCI offers a reliable, independently validated stratification of unresponsive patients that has important physiopathological and therapeutic implications. In particular, the high‐PCI subgroup of VS patients may retain a capacity for consciousness that is not expressed in behavior. Ann Neurol 2016;80:718–729

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity

Casarotto

Comanducci

Rosanova

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

371

436

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the cortex, this hallmark of spontaneous activity has been reported since the earliest culture success in vitro (Crain, 1966;Calvet, 1974) and naturally occurs in all isolated cortex preparations thus studied, e.g. in organotypic cultures (Plenz and Aertsen, 1996a;Plenz and Aertsen, 1996b;Gorba, Klostermann et al, 1999;Klostermann and Wahle, 1999;Baker, Corner et al, 2006), dissociated cultures (Maeda, Robinson et al, 1995;Gopal and Gross, 1996;Kamioka, Maeda et al, 1996;Canepari, Bove et al, 1997;Jimbo, Kawana et al, 2000;Segev, Shapira et al, 2001;van Pelt, Corner et al, 2004;Eytan and Marom, 2006), acute cortex slices (Sanchez-Vives and McCormick, 2000), and acutely isolated cortical slabs in vivo (Steriade, Nuñez et al, 1993;Timofeev, Grenier et al, 2000). Quantification of these Correspondence: Dr. Dietmar Plenz, Section on Critical Brain Dynamics, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bldg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostasis of neuronal avalanches during postnatal cortex development in vitro

Stewart

Plenz

2008

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Cortical networks in vivo and in vitro are spontaneously active in the absence of inputs, generating highly variable bursts of neuronal activity separated by up to seconds of quiescence. Previous measurements in adult rat cortex revealed an intriguing underlying organization of these dynamics, termed neuronal avalanches, which is indicative of a critical network state. Here we demonstrate that neuronal avalanches persist throughout development in cortical slice cultures from newborn rats. More specifically, we find that in spite of large variations of average rate in activity, spontaneous bursts occur with power-law distributed sizes (exponent -1.5) and a critical branching parameter close to 1. Our findings suggest that cortical networks homeostatically regulate a critical state during postnatal maturation.

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“…Isolating the cortical tissue in vivo by creating cortical ''slabs'' first lead to a silent network, but activity recurs after a few days (Burns and Webb, 1979;Timofeev et al, 2000). In vitro cortical networks can also display self-sustained activity, as found in cortical slices (Sanchez-Vives and McCormick, 2000;Cossart et al, 2003) or in organotypic cultures of cortical neurons (Plenz and Aertsen, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated cortical states: Experiments, analyses and models

Boustani

Pospischil

Rudolph-Lilith

et al. 2007

Journal of Physiology-Paris

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In awake animals, the cerebral cortex displays an ''activated'' state, with distinct characteristics compared to other states like slow-wave sleep or anesthesia. These characteristics include a sustained depolarized membrane potential (V m ) and irregular firing activity. In the present paper, we evaluate our understanding of cortical activated states from a computational neuroscience point of view. We start by reviewing the electrophysiological characteristics of activated cortical states based on recordings and analysis performed in awake cat association cortex. These analyses show that cortical activity is characterized by an apparent Poisson-distributed stochastic dynamics, both at the single-cell and population levels, and that single cells display a high-conductance state dominated by inhibition. We next overview computational models of the ''awake'' cortex, and perform the same analyses as in the experiments. Many properties identified experimentally are indeed reproduced by models, such as depolarized V m , irregular firing with apparent Poisson statistics, and the determinant role of inhibitory fluctuations on spiking. However, other features are not well reproduced, such as firing statistics and the conductance state of the membrane, suggesting that the network state displayed by models is not entirely correct. We also show how networks can approach a correct conductance state, suggesting ways by which future models will generate activity fully consistent with experimental data.

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Cellular and network mechanisms of rhythmic recurrent activity in neocortex

Cited by 1,370 publications

References 42 publications

Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity

Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity

Homeostasis of neuronal avalanches during postnatal cortex development in vitro

Activated cortical states: Experiments, analyses and models

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