Cellular and Molecular Roles of Immune Cells in the Gut-Brain Axis in Migraine

Zhou, Yichen; Pang, Miaoyi; Ma, Yiran; Lu, Lingling; Zhang, Jiannan; Wang, Peipei; Li, Qian; Yang, Fei

doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03623-1

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, more research is needed to elucidate and understand the underlying mechanisms. For now, it is hypothesized that alterations in the microbiome may impact the levels of certain neurotransmitters, mainly serotonin, as well as on the peripheral inflammatory state and its reflection in the central nervous system [430,431].…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Biological Relationship between Migraine and Depression

Viudez-Martínez,

Torregrosa,

Navarrete

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorder. Among the risk factors identified, psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, seem to play an important role in its onset and clinical course. Patients with migraine are 2.5 times more likely to develop a depressive disorder; this risk becomes even higher in patients suffering from chronic migraine or migraine with aura. This relationship is bidirectional, since depression also predicts an earlier/worse onset of migraine, increasing the risk of migraine chronicity and, consequently, requiring a higher healthcare expenditure compared to migraine alone. All these data suggest that migraine and depression may share overlapping biological mechanisms. Herein, this review explores this topic in further detail: firstly, by introducing the common epidemiological and risk factors for this comorbidity; secondly, by focusing on providing the cumulative evidence of common biological aspects, with a particular emphasis on the serotoninergic system, neuropeptides such as calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), substance P, neuropeptide Y and orexins, sexual hormones, and the immune system; lastly, by remarking on the future challenges required to elucidate the etiopathological mechanisms of migraine and depression and providing updated information regarding new key targets for the pharmacological treatment of these clinical entities.

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Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%