Cellular and Molecular Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment and Early-Stage Lung Cancer

Pîrlog, Radu; Chiroi, Paul; Rusu, Ioana; Jurj, Ancuța; Budişan, Liviuţa; Pop-Bica, Cecilia; Braicu, Cornelia; Crişan, Dana; Sabourin, Jean‐Christophe; Berindan‐Neagoe, Ioana

doi:10.3390/ijms23105346

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This microRNA is also associated with the modulation of EMT by targeting EMT-related genes, which in turn affects the invasive and metastatic capabilities of lung cancer cells 47 . Furthermore, miR-205-5p is believed to contribute to the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of NSCLC by influencing the PTEN signaling pathway 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Non-Coding RNA Profiles for Lung Cancer Early Detection in African and White Americans

Gao,

Dhilipkannah,

Holden

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: Lung cancer leads in cancer-related deaths. Disparities are observed in lung cancer rates, with African Americans (AAs) experiencing disproportionately higher incidence and mortality compared to other ethnic groups. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in lung tumorigenesis. Our objective was to identify ncRNA biomarkers associated with the racial disparity in lung cancer. Methods: Using droplet digital PCR, we examined 93 lung-cancer-associated ncRNAs in the plasma and sputum samples from AA and White American (WA) participants, which included 118 patients and 92 cancer-free smokers. Subsequently, we validated our results with a separate cohort comprising 56 cases and 72 controls. Results: In the AA population, plasma showed differential expression of ten ncRNAs, while sputum revealed four ncRNAs when comparing lung cancer patients to the control group. In the WA population, the plasma displayed eleven ncRNAs, and the sputum had five ncRNAs showing differential expression between the lung cancer patients and the control group. For AAs, we identified a three-ncRNA panel (plasma miRs-147b, 324-3p, 422a) diagnosing lung cancer in AAs with 86% sensitivity and 89% specificity. For WAs, a four-ncRNA panel was developed, comprising sputum miR-34a-5p and plasma miRs-103-3p, 126-3p, 205-5p, achieving 88% sensitivity and 87% specificity. These panels remained effective across different stages and histological types of lung tumors and were validated in the independent cohort. Conclusions: The ethnicity-related ncRNA signatures have promise as biomarkers to address the racial disparity in lung cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Non-Coding RNA Profiles for Lung Cancer Early Detection in African and White Americans

Gao,

Dhilipkannah,

Holden

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Indeed, tissue and plasma expression levels decreased in non-small cell LC and the rates of the progression-free survival of the patients were longer [ 93 ]. Furthermore, it was found to be downregulated in early-stage LC; its role in tumor initiation and progression indicates its value as an early-stage biomarker and treatment target [ 94 ].…”

Section: The C-mirnas Shared Among the Selected Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating microRNAs in Cancer: A 5-Year Update with a Focus on Breast and Lung Cancers

Siniscalco,

Galderisi,

Peluso

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs found in different bodily fluids and are highly investigated for their prognostic potential and biological role in cancer. In this narrative review, we provide an update of the last five years’ published papers (2018–2023) on PubMed about c-miRNAs in cancer research. We aim to capture the latest research interests in terms of the highly studied cancers and the insights about c-miRNAs. Our analysis revealed that more than 150 papers focusing on c-miRNAs and cancer were published in the last five years. Among these, there was a high prevalence of papers on breast cancer (BC) and lung cancer (LC), which are estimated to be the most diagnosed cancers globally. Thus, we focus on the main evidence and research trends about c-miRNAs in BC and LC. We report evidence of the effectiveness of c-miRNAs in hot topics of cancer research, such as, early detection, therapeutic resistance, recurrence risk and novel detection platform approaches. Moreover, we look at the deregulated c-miRNAs shared among BC and LC papers, focusing on miR-21 and miR-145. Overall, these data clearly indicate that the role of c-miRNAs in cancer is still a hot topic for oncologic research and that blood is the most investigated matrix.

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“…Although both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in antitumor immunity, host T cell recognition of tumor antigens represents the central tenet of immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Genomic mutations in lung cancer can give rise to mutant proteins that, when processed, result in the generation of neoantigens ( 52 ). CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is an oncofetal antigen produced during fetal life that disappears after birth.…”

Section: Immune Landscape In Never-smoker Lung Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer in never smokers: Tumor immunology and challenges for immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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Lung cancer is the second most common and the most lethal malignancy worldwide. It is estimated that lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) accounts for 10-25% of cases, and its incidence is increasing according to recent data, although the reasons remain unclear. If considered alone, LCINS is the 7th most common cause of cancer death. These tumors occur more commonly in younger patients and females. LCINS tend to have a better prognosis, possibly due to a higher chance of bearing an actionable driver mutation, making them amenable to targeted therapy. Notwithstanding, these tumors respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). There are several putative explanations for the poor response to immunotherapy: low immunogenicity due to low tumor mutation burden and hence low MANA (mutation-associated neo-antigen) load, constitutive PD-L1 expression in response to driver mutated protein signaling, high expression of immunosuppressive factors by tumors cells (like CD39 and TGF-beta), non-permissive immune TME (tumor microenvironment), abnormal metabolism of amino acids and glucose, and impaired TLS (Tertiary Lymphoid Structures) organization. Finally, there is an increasing concern of offering ICI as first line therapy to these patients owing to several reports of severe toxicity when TKIs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) are administered sequentially after ICI. Understanding the biology behind the immune response against these tumors is crucial to the development of better therapeutic strategies.

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Cellular and Molecular Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment and Early-Stage Lung Cancer

Cited by 22 publications

References 92 publications

Differential Non-Coding RNA Profiles for Lung Cancer Early Detection in African and White Americans

Differential Non-Coding RNA Profiles for Lung Cancer Early Detection in African and White Americans

Circulating microRNAs in Cancer: A 5-Year Update with a Focus on Breast and Lung Cancers

Lung cancer in never smokers: Tumor immunology and challenges for immunotherapy

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