2011
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.031
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Cellular and molecular investigations into the development of the pectoral girdle

Abstract: The forelimbs of higher vertebrates are composed of two portions: the appendicular region (stylopod, zeugopod and autopod) and the less prominent proximal girdle elements (scapula and clavicle) that brace the limb to the main trunk axis. We show that the formation of the muscles of the proximal limb occurs through two distinct mechanisms. The more superficial girdle muscles (pectoral and latissimus dorsi) develop by the "In-Out" mechanism whereby migration of myogenic cells from the somites into the limb bud i… Show more

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Cited by 70 publications
(103 citation statements)
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“…In vertebrates, skeletal muscles which form in the head, trunk and limbs are patterned by extrinsic cues from surrounding tissues to adopt specific arrangements of muscle fibres in the adult form [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . For example, somite-derived limb muscle precursor cells migrate into the limb bud which is filled with lateral platederived connective tissue.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In vertebrates, skeletal muscles which form in the head, trunk and limbs are patterned by extrinsic cues from surrounding tissues to adopt specific arrangements of muscle fibres in the adult form [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . For example, somite-derived limb muscle precursor cells migrate into the limb bud which is filled with lateral platederived connective tissue.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As described by Paterson (1900) and Gladstone andWakley (1932), andHanson (1919), the sternal bands seemed to be formed by the joining of mesenchymal condensations adjacent to the anterior ends of the ribs. The sternal bands are characterized by their attachment to anlage of the sternocostal portion of the pectoral major muscle (Gladstone and Wakeley, 1932): this morphology has been used as evidence to support the appendicular origin of the sternum in experimental embryology (Saunders, 1948;Seno, 1961;Valasek et al, 2011). The fact that the sternal bands and pectoralis muscle did not reach the interclavicular mesenchyme in the initial stage also seems to suggest different origins of the manubrium and body of the sternum.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CL, clavicle; SB, sternal bands Although a demarcation between mesenchymal condensations does not always indicate a difference in origin, we believe that a precise description on the early stage of the fetal manubrium is first needed for the further discussion, including classical theories as well as molecular biology with its recent advances. The topographical anatomy between a mesenchymal condensation and a specific muscle anlage, such as that of the infrahyoid muscles, would provide a clue for a better understanding (Saunders, 1948;Seno, 1961;Matsuoka et al, 2005;Valasek et al, 2011). Consequently, the aim of this study was to revisit the development of the manubrium of the sternum to clarify the confusion.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This includes some muscles of the pelvic and pectoral girdles that develop from limb muscle cells that, having migrated into the limbs, then migrate out again to populate these regions. This is known as the 'in-out mechanism' Valasek et al 2011). Understanding the different origins and developmental processes that generate various muscle types will be important in designing interventions that target these muscles.…”
Section: Skeletal Musclementioning
confidence: 99%