Cellular and Molecular Activities of IP6 in Disease Prevention and Therapy

Abstract

IP6 (phytic acid) is a naturally occurring compound in plant seeds and grains. It is a poly-phosphorylated inositol derivative that has been shown to exhibit many biological activities that accrue benefits in health and diseases (cancer, diabetes, renal lithiasis, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). IP6 has been shown to have several cellular and molecular activities associated with its potential role in disease prevention. These activities include anti-oxidant properties, chelation of metal ions, inhibition of inflammation, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and modulation of the activities of enzymes and hormones that are involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that IP6 has anti-oxidant properties and can scavenge free radicals known to cause cellular damage and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes mellitus. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties that may modulate immune responses geared towards the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Moreover, IP6 exhibits anti-cancer properties through the induction of cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Additionally, it has been shown to have anti-mutagenic properties, which reduce the risk of malignancies by preventing DNA damage and mutations. IP6 has also been reported to have a potential role in bone health. It inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation, which may help in the prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Overall, IP6’s cellular and molecular activities make it a promising candidate for disease prevention. As reported in many studies, its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties support its inclusion as a dietary supplement that may protect against the development of chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of this dynamic molecule and its derivatives and determine the optimal doses and appropriate delivery methods for effective therapeutic use.

Co‐Assembled Nanoparticles toward Multi‐Target Combinational Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease by Making Full Use of Molecular Recognition and Self‐Assembly

“…This was conceivably attributed to the as‐verified stronger binding capability of GCA/AP co‐assembly toward Aβ 42 , resulting in better Aβ 42 disintegration. In addition, IP6 has also been reported exhibiting certain anti‐inflammatory activity, [ 34 ] thereby may partially attenuated the toxic effect of Aβ as inducing the redox homeostasis imbalance of cells, [ 35 ] making it another beneficial component in such circumstance.…”

“…These results clearly indicated that the introduction of AP, possessing an exceptional strong reducing ability, enabled the co‐assemblies to effectively mitigate ROS and significantly alleviate cellular oxidative stress together with GCA. [ 34 ]…”

Depleting inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7 protected the heart against ischaemia–reperfusion injury by elevating plasma adiponectin

“… 55 InsP 6 has been shown to have anti-oxidant properties, which might be enriched in IP6K1 KOs. 56 However, 5-InsP 7 displays better effects than InsP 6 in mediating the binding of adiponectin with ERp44 and the binding of DsbA-L with Ero1-Lα. Therefore, 5-InsP 7 , not InsP 6 , is likely a physiological regulator of adiponectin.…”

Biomimetic Construction of Degradable DNAzyme-Loaded Nanocapsules for Self-Sufficient Gene Therapy of Pulmonary Metastatic Breast Cancer

“…Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), a natural substance with six phosphate groups, has been applied to complex with metal ions or etch MOFs. , It has been reported that IP6 can down-regulate B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression and cause apoptotic death of cancer cells. − Thus, it is an ideal alterative to deliver metal ion cofactors for DNAzyme-mediated gene therapy. In recent years, biomimetic nanomedicines have been well developed to augment therapeutic efficacy via the combination therapy. − In this work, a degradable biomimetic nanocapsule (DNAzyme biocapsule) is constructed by encapsulating DNAzyme hED5 specific to early growth response protein 1 mRNA fragment (denoted as EGR-1 mRNA hereafter) into Mn 2+ /Zn 2+ -coordinated inositol hexaphosphate (Mn/Zn-IP6) capsule for highly efficient DNAzyme-based gene therapy (Scheme and Table S1).…”