Cellular and Immunological Regulation of Viral Myocarditis

Marchant, David; Garmaroudi, Farshid S.; McManus, Bruce M.

doi:10.5772/20845

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Even though restricting our analysis to shorter risk intervals by including only confirmed cases of myo/pericarditis that were reported within 30 days following an mRNA vaccination, and excluding the two studies that used historical comparator cohort group, the overall RR was still significant (RR=2.05, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.82). However, it is essential to consider the background incidence of myo/pericarditis when interpreting our results, which can vary widely depending on the region and population being studied 63 64. For instance, a recent comprehensive study by the European Medicines Agency estimated the incidence rate to be in the range of 10–200 cases per 1 000 000 person-years of follow-up 65.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveTo summarise the available evidence on the risk of myocarditis and/or pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, compared with the risk among unvaccinated individuals in the absence of COVID-19 infection.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesElectronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease), preprint repositories (medRxiv and bioRxiv), reference lists and grey literature were searched from 1 December 2020 until 31 October 2022.Study selectionEpidemiological studies of individuals of any age who received at least one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, reported a risk of myo/pericarditis and compared the risk of myo/pericarditis to individuals who did not receive any dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently conducted screening and data extraction. The rate of myo/pericarditis among vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was recorded, and the rate ratios were calculated. Additionally, the total number of individuals, case ascertainment criteria, percentage of males and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were extracted for each study. Meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria, of which six were included in the quantitative synthesis. Our meta-analysis indicates that within 30-day follow-up period, vaccinated individuals were twice as likely to develop myo/pericarditis in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated individuals, with a rate ratio of 2.05 (95% CI 1.49–2.82).ConclusionAlthough the absolute number of observed myo/pericarditis cases remains quite low, a higher risk was detected in those who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations compared with unvaccinated individuals in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in preventing severe illnesses, hospitalisations and deaths, future research should focus on accurately determining the rates of myo/pericarditis linked to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, understanding the biological mechanisms behind these rare cardiac events and identifying those most at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%