Cellular and humoral immune response between snail hosts and their parasites

Al-Khalaifah, Hanan

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.981314

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Granulocytes are widely documented to play a crucial part in the immune system’s defense mechanism against biotic and abiotic foreign invaders in snails (Al-Khalaifah 2022). Granular (spreading) hemocytes were the most impacted cell type following treatment with pumpkin seed oil, which was corroborated by the current findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of pumpkin seed oil against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and the infective stages of Schistosoma mansoni with special emphasis on genotoxic and histopathological alterations

Mohammed,

Mossalem,

Gad El-Karim

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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Schistosomiasis is a serious health issue in tropical regions, and natural compounds have gained popularity in medical science. This study investigated the potential effects of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on Biomphalaria [B.] alexandrina snails (Ehrenberg, 1831), Schistosoma [S.] mansoni (Sambon, 1907) miracidium, and cercariae. The chemical composition of PSO was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A bioassay was performed to evaluate the effects of PSO on snails, miracidia, and cercariae. The results showed no significant mortality of B. alexandrina snails after exposure to PSO, but it caused morphological changes in their hemocytes at 1.0 mg/ml for 24 hours. PSO exhibited larvicidal activity against miracidia after 2 hours of exposure at a LC50 of 618.4 ppm. A significant increase in the mortality rate of miracidia was observed in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reaching a 100% death rate after 10 minutes at LC90 and 15 minutes at LC50 concentration. PSO also showed effective cercaricidal activity after 2 hours of exposure at a LC50 of 290.5 ppm. Histological examination revealed multiple pathological changes in the digestive and hermaphrodite glands. The PSO had genotoxic effects on snails, which exhibited a significant increase [p≤0.05] in comet parameters compared to the control. The findings suggest that PSO has potential as a molluscicide, miracidicide, and cercaricide, making it a possible alternative to traditional molluscicides in controlling schistosomiasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of pumpkin seed oil against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and the infective stages of Schistosoma mansoni with special emphasis on genotoxic and histopathological alterations

Mohammed,

Mossalem,

Gad El-Karim

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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“…Host-parasite interactions are highly complex. The host identifies the parasite as foreign and triggers immune responses and signaling in its own defense [13]. Typically, when animals are infected by parasites or pathogens, their immune systems become activated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous genes are linked to the immune response in invertebrates, both at the cellular and humoral levels [13][14][15]. A recent approach involving genome-wide analysis has been employed to identify genes associated with immunity and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions between hosts and microorganisms in insects [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Related Gene Profiles and Differential Expression in the Grey Garden Slug Deroceras reticulatum Infected with the Parasitic Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Hafeez,

Mc Donnell,

Colton

et al. 2024

Insects

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The grey garden slug (Deroceras reticulatum), a common terrestrial slug native to Europe with a global distribution including North America, is commonly considered the most severe slug pest in agriculture. The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, which has been used in the U.K. and Europe as a commercial biocontrol agent since 1994, has also recently been collected in Oregon and California and has long been considered a candidate biocontrol agent for slug management in the U.S. In this study, we report differential gene expressions in nematode-infected slugs using RNA-seq to identify slug immune-related genes against nematodes. Comparison of gene expression levels between the whole bodies of a nematode-infected slug (N-S) and an uninfected control slug (C-S) revealed that there were a total of 39,380 regulated unigenes, of which 3084 (3%) were upregulated and 6761 (6%) were downregulated at greater than 2-fold change (FC > 2) in the nematode-infected slug. To further investigate the biological functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) and functional enrichment analysis were performed to map the DEGs to terms in the GO, eukaryotic ortholog groups of proteins (KOG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome Pathway (KEGG) databases. Among these DEGs, approximately 228 genes associated with immunity or immune-related pathways were upregulated 2-fold or more in the N-S compared to C-S. These genes include toll, Imd, JNK, scavenger receptors (SCRs), C-type lectins (CTLs), immunoglobulin-like domains, and JAK/STAT63 signaling pathways. From the RNA-seq results, we selected 18 genes and confirmed their expression levels by qRT-PCR. Our findings provide insights into the immune response of slugs during nematode infection. These studies provide fundamental information that will be valuable for the development of new methods of pest slug control using pathogenic nematodes in the field.

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Immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larval hemolymph: utilizing the Biomphalaria alexandrina snail as a model

Mashaal,

Abo Elqasem,

Abou El-Khashab

et al. 2024

Biologia

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring novel natural sources for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, driven by the need for alternative therapeutic strategies with fewer side effects. This study investigates the potential of the Biomphalaria alexandrina snail as a valuable model organism to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larval hemolymph. The choice of B. alexandrina snails as a model is based on its ecological relevance and physiological similarities to other organisms, supporting well-established use in ecological and physiological research, as well as it provides a valuable platform for such investigations. Ultimately, this study may open avenues for the development of innovative and sustainable therapeutic interventions rooted in the rich biodiversity of the natural world. The experimental design involves the extraction of hemolymph from S. argyrostoma larvae, followed by a comprehensive analysis of its antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects using adult snails. Various biochemical assays, including total antioxidant capacity, immunomodulatory markers and histological investigation, will be employed to assess the bioactive potential of the hemolymph. The outcomes of this research can be attributed to the identification of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hemolymph. This effect was observed through the reduction of oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators, impacting the biological activities of the snails. The study is the first to shed light on the potential benefits of S. argyrostoma larval hemolymph using an animal model, showcasing its ability to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory responses within the biological context of the snails.

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Cellular and humoral immune response between snail hosts and their parasites

Cited by 6 publications

References 89 publications

Activities of pumpkin seed oil against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and the infective stages of Schistosoma mansoni with special emphasis on genotoxic and histopathological alterations

Activities of pumpkin seed oil against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and the infective stages of Schistosoma mansoni with special emphasis on genotoxic and histopathological alterations

Immune-Related Gene Profiles and Differential Expression in the Grey Garden Slug Deroceras reticulatum Infected with the Parasitic Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larval hemolymph: utilizing the Biomphalaria alexandrina snail as a model

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