Cellular and Humoral Defences in Honey Bees

Gliński, Z.; Jarosz, J.

doi:10.1080/0005772x.1995.11099270

“…Bacterial antigens located on the surface of a pathogen are typically targeted by the humoral immune response of the host. Whilst honey bees possess a plethora of mechanisms to control pathogenic infections, a humoral immune response similar to that observed in most mammalian immune systems has not been described [19]. A lack of heterogeneity in whole cell protein and immunoreactive antigen pro¢les among Australian isolates of M. pluton and P. larvae subspecies larvae suggests that there is little selective pressure from the host immune response to drive immune evasion mechanisms exempli¢ed by variability in surface protein structure often observed in bacterial pathogens of livestock and humans [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographically diverse Australian isolates of Melissococcus pluton exhibit minimal genotypic diversity by restriction endonuclease analysis

Djordjevic

¹

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Melissococcus pluton, the causative agent of European foulbrood is an economically significant disease of honey bees (Apis mellifera) across most regions of the world and is prevalent throughout most states of Australia. 49 Isolates of M. pluton recovered from diseased colonies or honey samples in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria were compared using SDS-PAGE, Western immunoblotting and restriction endonuclease analyses. DNA profiles of all 49 geographically diverse isolates showed remarkably similar AluI profiles although four isolates (one each from Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria) displayed minor profile variations compared to AluI patterns of all other isolates. DNA from a subset of the 49 Australian and three isolates from the United Kingdom were digested separately with the restriction endonucleases CfoI, RsaI and DraI. Restriction endonuclease fragment patterns generated using these enzymes were also similar although minor variations were noted. SDS-PAGE of whole cell proteins from 13 of the 49 isolates from different states of Australia, including the four isolates which displayed minor profile variations (AluI) produced indistinguishable patterns. Major immunoreactive proteins of approximate molecular masses of 21, 24, 28, 30, 36, 40, 44, 56, 60, 71, 79 and 95 kDa were observed in immunoblots of whole cell lysates of 22 of the 49 isolates and reacted with rabbit hyperimmune antibodies raised against M. pluton whole cells. Neither SDS-PAGE or immunoblotting was capable of distinguishing differences between geographically diverse isolates of M. pluton. Collectively these data confirm that Australian isolates of M. pluton are genetically homogeneous and that this species may be clonal. Plasmid DNA was not detected in whole cell DNA profiles of any isolate resolved using agarose gel electrophoresis. z

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“…Bacterial antigens located on the surface of a pathogen are typically targeted by the humoral immune response of the host. Whilst honey bees possess a plethora of mechanisms to control pathogenic infections, a humoral immune response similar to that observed in most mammalian immune systems has not been described [19]. A lack of heterogeneity in whole cell protein and immunoreactive antigen profiles among Australian isolates of M. pluton and P. larvae subspecies larvae suggests that there is little selective pressure from the host immune response to drive immune evasion mechanisms exemplified by variability in surface protein structure often observed in bacterial pathogens of livestock and humans [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographically diverse Australian isolates ofMelissococcus plutonexhibit minimal genotypic diversity by restriction endonuclease analysis

Djordjevic¹,

Smith²,

Forbes³

et al. 1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Melissococcus pluton, the causative agent of European foulbrood is an economically significant disease of honey bees (Apis mellifera) across most regions of the world and is prevalent throughout most states of Australia. 49 Isolates of M. pluton recovered from diseased colonies or honey samples in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria were compared using SDS-PAGE, Western immunoblotting and restriction endonuclease analyses. DNA profiles of all 49 geographically diverse isolates showed remarkably similar AluI profiles although four isolates (one each from Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria) displayed minor profile variations compared to AluI patterns of all other isolates. DNA from a subset of the 49 Australian and three isolates from the United Kingdom were digested separately with the restriction endonucleases CfoI, RsaI and DraI. Restriction endonuclease fragment patterns generated using these enzymes were also similar although minor variations were noted. SDS-PAGE of whole cell proteins from 13 of the 49 isolates from different states of Australia, including the four isolates which displayed minor profile variations (AluI) produced indistinguishable patterns. Major immunoreactive proteins of approximate molecular masses of 21, 24, 28, 30, 36, 40, 44, 56, 60, 71, 79 and 95 kDa were observed in immunoblots of whole cell lysates of 22 of the 49 isolates and reacted with rabbit hyperimmune antibodies raised against M. pluton whole cells. Neither SDS-PAGE or immunoblotting was capable of distinguishing differences between geographically diverse isolates of M. pluton. Collectively these data confirm that Australian isolates of M. pluton are genetically homogeneous and that this species may be clonal. Plasmid DNA was not detected in whole cell DNA profiles of any isolate resolved using agarose gel electrophoresis.

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“…Structures of cyclopeptide alkaloids of type 4 (13) with a pyrrolidine ring at C-8/C-9 of the main cycle. Nummularine S (10), tscheschamine (11), sativanine G (12), cyclopeptide alkaloid (13), sativanines D (14) and E (15).…”

Section: Cyclopeptide Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyclic immune peptides, such as drosomycin and thanatin, exhibit potent antifungal activity but are inactive against bacteria. Members of the group of insect antibacterial peptides, initially discovered in insects, were later found in other animals including mammals, and have been recently reviewed [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally-Occurring Cyclopeptides: Structures and Bioactivity

Pomilio¹,

Battista²,

Vitale

³

2006

COC

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Cyclic peptides are a special bioactive group of compounds with interesting pharmacological and biochemical properties. Different natural sources are mentioned in this paper, but interest is focused on those cyclopeptides isolated from higher plants and higher fungi. Cyclopeptides occur in higher plant species, which belong to the following families: Annonaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Labiatae, Linaceae, Olacaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Schizandraceae, Solanaceae, and Violaceae. Basidiomycetes is the group of higher fungi, which has shown to be rich in cyclopeptides, e.g., Amanita, Conocybe, Lepiota, Galerina, and Omphalotus species. Usually these compounds are associated to a toxic response in mammals, as well as to cytotoxic, insecticidal, antimalarial, estrogenic, sedative, nematicidal, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, and enzyme-inhibitory activities. Structures are elucidated by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques. Configurational and conformational analyses of some bioactive cyclopeptides are discussed. Conformational studies of the natural cyclopeptides and their derivatives are related to the stereochemical requirements for these bioactive compounds.

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Cellular and Humoral Defences in Honey Bees

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Geographically diverse Australian isolates of Melissococcus pluton exhibit minimal genotypic diversity by restriction endonuclease analysis

Geographically diverse Australian isolates of Melissococcus pluton exhibit minimal genotypic diversity by restriction endonuclease analysis

Geographically diverse Australian isolates ofMelissococcus plutonexhibit minimal genotypic diversity by restriction endonuclease analysis

Naturally-Occurring Cyclopeptides: Structures and Bioactivity

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