Cellular and Enzymatic Changes with Animal Growth in Porcine Intramuscular Adipose Tissue

Yb, Lee; Rg, Kauffman

doi:10.2527/jas1974.383532x

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…These results concerning intermuscular adipose tissue are in accordance with a previous study [25]. Comparison of results for ME and G6PDH activities in inter-and intramuscular adipose tissue suggests that the latter adipose site might behave differently to other adipose sites, with regards to its metabolic activity, and this agrees with the previous work of Lee and Kauffman [18].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, the data from the three sex groups were pooled for each breed (18 [27] and especially in pigs [23,33]. ACX activity in LW pigs was lower in the Semimembranosus than in the Supraspinatus muscle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intramuscular adipose tissue is the latest developing adipose site of the pig adipose tissues, the order of the differential gradient being subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose sites [14,18,20]. Some authors studying adipose tissues have suggested that not all adipose tissues are similar but that each shows specific development and metabolism in rats [10], in cattle [24] and in pigs [4,25,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue in growing Large White and Meishan pigs

Mourot¹,

Kouba²

1999

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Development of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue in growing Large White and Meishan pigs

Mourot¹,

Kouba²

1999

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…One could also argue that the small size of IM adipocytes reflects a lower physiological maturity compared with fat cells isolated from SC and perirenal locations at a given age. Indeed, IM adipose tissue is known to be the latest-developing adipose tissue in pigs (26,33). In support of this hypothesis, we currently observed no change in lipogenic activities and a continuous increase in leptin mRNA levels in IM adipocytes with advancing age, whereas the same targets decreased or reached a plateau, respectively, in SC and perirenal fat cells at Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Lipid metabolism and secretory function of porcine intramuscular adipocytes compared with subcutaneous and perirenal adipocytes

Gardan¹,

Gondret²,

Louveau³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

120

115

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Gardan, Delphine, Florence Gondret, and Isabelle Louveau. Lipid metabolism and secretory function of porcine intramuscular adipocytes compared with subcutaneous and perirenal adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291: E372-E380, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00482.2005.-The function of adipocytes interspersed between myofiber fasciculi in skeletal muscle physiology and physiopathology is poorly documented. Because regional differences in adipocyte features have been reported in various species, we hypothesized that lipid metabolism and secretory function of intramuscular (IM) adipocytes differ from that of nonmuscular adipocytes. In the present study, adipocytes isolated from trapezius muscle were compared with subcutaneous and perirenal adipocytes in growing pigs. Between 80 and 210 days of age, gene expressions and/or activities of enzymes involved in lipogenesis or lipolysis were much lower (P Ͻ 0.05) in adipocytes isolated from muscle than in those from other locations. Insulin-induced lipogenesis and lipolytic efficiency after catecholamine addition were also the lowest (P Ͻ 0.05) in IM adipocytes. In these cells, the age-related increase (ϩ300%) in the ratio of mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase to hormone-sensitive lipase paralleled the enlargement of adipocyte diameters (ϩ70%, P Ͻ 0.05) and the increase in lipid content in muscle (ϩ135%, P Ͻ 0.05) during growth. Expressions of genes coding for leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-I, as well as for various hormonal receptors, were lower (P Ͻ 0.05) in IM adipocytes than in other adipocytes, whereas levels of TNF-␣ mRNA did not differ between sites. Interestingly, IGF-II mRNA levels were higher (P Ͻ 0.05) in IM adipocytes than in other adipocytes. These data support the view that IM fat is not just an ectopic extension of other fat locations but displays specific biological features during growth. intramuscular lipids; skeletal muscle; lipogenesis; lipolysis; insulinlike growth factor II INTRAMUSCULAR TRIACYLGLYCEROLS (TG) have recently regained special interests in both human physiology and physiopathology, and in animal production. First, TG stores serve as a major energy source for skeletal muscle during sustained exercise of moderate intensity (51). Second, an accumulation of TG within muscle has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance and related disorders (23). Third, TG content of meat is cited as an important source of dietary saturated fat, for which excess intake may be unfavorable to human health (53). Within skeletal muscle, TG are stored both intramyocellularly, as droplets in myofiber cytoplasm, and in adipocytes, interspersed between fiber fasciculi (38, 48). Emerging approaches, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have allowed scientists to conduct several studies focused on intramyocellular TG in exercised or in insulin-resistant muscle (23,38,56). On the other hand, very few studies have been devoted to intramuscular (IM) adipocytes, even though their number and size are the main determinants of TG and total lipid content variabi...

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“…For example, Castell et al (1994) reported values of 15.3 v. 14.9 mm back fat thickness (P , 0.10) and 3.4% v. 1.4% IMF (P , 0.001) for pigs fed ad libitum a diet containing 13.3% v. 17.6% crude protein, respectively. Since IMF is late developing compared to other fat depots (Lee and Kauffman, 1974;Hauser et al, 1997), Cisneros et al (1996) evaluated the influence of diet composition in the late fattening period on carcass and muscle fat deposition. They showed that pigs given an amino acid (AA)-deficient diet (5.6 v. 4.0 g/kg lysine) during 5 weeks prior to slaughter had higher IMF levels in the Longissimus (5.7% v. 3.8%; P , 0.05), but only moderated higher back fat thickness compared to controls (23.4 v. 19.9 mm; P 5 0.06).…”

Section: Compensatory Growth Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding and rearing systems on growth, carcass composition and meat quality in pigs

Lebret¹

2008

Animal

154

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Animal growth performance and quality of pork depend on the interactive effects of pig genotype, rearing conditions, pre-slaughter handling, and carcass and meat processing. This paper focuses on the effects of feeding and rearing systems (feeding level and diet composition, housing, production system, etc.) on growth performance, carcass composition, and eating and technological qualities of pork. The feeding level and protein : energy ratio can be used to manipulate growth rate or composition of weight gain. Restricted feed allowance strongly reduces growth rate and carcass fatness and also intramuscular fat (IMF) level, resulting in decreased meat tenderness or juiciness. Expression of compensatory growth due to restricted followed by ad libitum feeding modifies the composition of weight gain at both carcass and muscle levels, and may improve meat tenderness due to higher in vivo protein turnover. Decreasing the protein : energy ratio of the diet actually increases IMF and improves eating quality, but gives fatter carcasses. In contrast, a progressive reduction in the protein : energy ratio leads to similar carcass composition at slaughter but with higher IMF. Technological meat traits (pH1, pHu, colour, drip loss) are generally not affected by the level or protein : energy in feed. Modification of fatty acid composition and antioxidant level in meat can be obtained through diet supplementations (e.g. vegetable sources with high n-3 fatty acids), thereby improving the nutritional quality of pork. Influences of pig rearing system on animal performance, carcass and meat traits result from interactive effects of housing (floor type, space allowance, ambient temperature, physical activity), feeding level and genotype in specific production systems. Indoor enrichment (more space, straw bedding) generally increases growth rate and carcass fatness, and may improve meat juiciness or flavour through higher IMF. Outdoor rearing and organic production system have various effects on growth rate and carcass fatness, depending on climatic conditions and feed allowance. Influence on meat quality is also controversial: higher drip and lower pHu and tenderness have been reported, whereas some studies show improved meat juiciness with outdoor rearing. Discrepancies are likely due to differences between studies in rearing conditions and physiological responses of pigs to pre-slaughter handling. Specific production systems of the Mediterranean area based on local breeds (low growth rate, high adiposity) and freerange finishing (pasture, forests), which allows pig to express their genetic potential for IMF deposition, clearly demonstrate the positive effects of genotype 3 rearing system interactions on the quality of pork and pork products.

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Cellular and Enzymatic Changes with Animal Growth in Porcine Intramuscular Adipose Tissue

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Development of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue in growing Large White and Meishan pigs

Development of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue in growing Large White and Meishan pigs

Lipid metabolism and secretory function of porcine intramuscular adipocytes compared with subcutaneous and perirenal adipocytes

Effects of feeding and rearing systems on growth, carcass composition and meat quality in pigs

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