cellSTORM—Cost-effective super-resolution on a cellphone using dSTORM

Diederich, Benedict; Then, Patrick; Jügler, Alexander; Förster, Ronny; Heintzmann, Rainer

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209827

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Metasurfaces or phase masks may also be incorporated into the optical train for aberration correction [62] and for enhanced 3D imaging capability through point spread function engineering [63, 64, 65]. While all images in this report are taken with Pi cameras, CMOS cameras that are low-cost and compact but rival the performance of sCMOS and EMCCD can be used for more demanding applications [66, 67, 68, 69]. With modular design, other XY stage designs may also be used to allow larger travel and/or more precise motion [70, 13, 71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopi: Open configurable high-throughput imaging platform for infectious disease diagnosis in the field

Soto-Montoya

Voisin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Access to quantitative, robust, yet affordable diagnostic tools is necessary to reduce global infectious disease burden. Manual microscopy has served as a bedrock for diagnostics with wide adaptability, although at a cost of tedious labor and human errors. Automated robotic microscopes are poised to enable a new era of smart field microscopy but current platforms remain cost prohibitive and largely inflexible, especially for resource poor and field settings. Here we present Octopi, a low-cost ($250-$500) and reconfigurable autonomous microscopy platform capable of automated slide scanning and correlated bright-field and fluorescence imaging. Being highly modular, it also provides a framework for new disease-specific modules to be developed.We demonstrate the power of the platform by applying it to automated detection of malaria parasites in blood smears. Specifically, we discovered a spectral shift on the order of 10 nm for DAPI-stained Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. This shift allowed us to detect the parasites with a low magnification (equivalent to 10x) large field of view (2.56 mm 2 ) module.Combined with automated slide scanning, real time computer vision and machine learningbased classification, Octopi is able to screen more than 1.5 million red blood cells per minute for parasitemia quantification, with estimated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity exceeding 90% at parasitemia of 50/ul and 100% for parasitemia higher than 150/l. With different modules, we further showed imaging of tissue slice and sputum sample on the platform. With roughly two orders of magnitude in cost reduction, Octopi opens up the possibility of a large robotic microscope network for improved disease diagnosis while providing an avenue for collective efforts for development of modular instruments.One sentence summary: We developed a low-cost ($250-$500) automated imaging platform that can quantify malaria parasitemia by scanning 1.5 million red blood cells per minute.Lack of cost-effective diagnostics is a major hurdle in global fight against infectious disease, 2 specially in resource poor settings [1]. This leaves our world in a highly vulnerable position 3 with therapeutic drugs being either overused, leading to drug resistant strains or not acces-4 sible to people who actually need these treatments [2]. Since health care is delivered around 5 the world in a tiered structure, local context such as high cost, lack of trained personal or 6 low throughput of many available diagnostics tests plays a large detrimental role on quality 7 of delivered health-care [3]. 8 Because of the versatility and wide adoption of manual microscopy [4] and its role in 9 direct visual identification of parasites [5], it remains a WHO gold standard for numerous 10 diseases [1]. Despite technological advancements in related fields, the practice of conventional 11 manual microscopy has remained largely unchanged over the last half century and suffers 12 from several drawbacks. With an average lab technician spending 6 to 8 hours imaging and 13 ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopi: Open configurable high-throughput imaging platform for infectious disease diagnosis in the field

Soto-Montoya

Voisin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The 100€ lab [26] relies more on single parts thereby providing easier customizability, but still being quiete specialized. Approaches like the Foldscope by [27] and the cell STORM [28] show the potential how cellphones can be used for cutting-edge research. For bio-medically relevant imaging techniques such as fluorescence, a light-weight portable mini-microscope Miniscope [29], novel waveguide-based on-chip fluorescent measurement devices [30] and open-source single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) system miCube.…”

Section: Computational-and 3d-printed Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

UC2 – A Versatile and Customizable low-cost 3D-printed Optical Open-Standard for microscopic imaging

Diederich

Lachmann

Carlstedt

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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With UC2 (You-See-Too) we present an inexpensive 3D-printed microscopy toolbox. The system is based on concepts of modular development, rapid-prototyping and all-time accessibility using widely available off-the-shelf optic and electronic components. We aim to democratize microscopy, reduce the reproduction crisis and enhance trust into science by making it available to everyone via an open-access public repository. Due to its versatility the aim is to boost creativity and nonconventional approaches. In this paper, we demonstrate a development cycle from basic blocks to different microscopic techniques. First, we build a bright-field system and stress-test it by observing macrophage cell differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation incubator-enclosed for seven days with automatic focussing to minimize axial drift. We prove versatility by assembling a system using the same components to a fully working fluorescence light-sheet system and acquire a 3D volume of a GFP-expressing living drosophila larvae. Finally, we sketch and demonstrate further possible setups to draw a picture on how the system can be used for reproducible prototyping in scientific research. All design files for replicating the experimental setups are provided via an open-access online repository (https://github.com/bionanoimaging/UC2-GIT) to foster widespread use.

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“…Several attempts already showed how to significantly reduce high costs and resulting exclusivity and aimed to provide greater accessibility of SRI [12,13,14]. Substituting expensive electron multiplied charged coupled device (emCCD) cameras by industry-grade [15] or even cellphone cameras [16], as well as relying on entertainment lasers [13] and compensating the lack of imaging quality with tailored image processing [17,18,19,20,21,19,22] contributed greatly to the idea of widely available high-resolution imaging platforms on a budget. Open-source 3D-printed approaches like the Openflexure [23], Attobright [24], Micube [25] or the 3D-printed optical toolbox UC2 [26] can further provide flexible and open hardware solutions in order to support software-based solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscopy on the Chea(i)p

Diederich

Helle

Then

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Super-resolution microscopy allows for stunning images with a resolution well beyond the optical diffraction limit, but the imaging techniques are demanding in terms of instrumentation and software. Using scientific-grade cameras, solid-state lasers and top-shelf microscopy objective lenses drives the price and complexity of the system, limiting its use to well-funded institutions. However, by harnessing recent developments in CMOS image sensor technology and low-cost illumination strategies, super-resolution microscopy can be made available to the mass-markets for a fraction of the price. Here, we present a 3D printed, self-contained super-resolution microscope with a price tag below 1000 $ including the objective and a cellphone. The system relies on a cellphone to both acquire and process images as well as control the hardware, and a photonic-chip enabled illumination. The system exhibits 100nm optical resolution using single-molecule localization microscopy and can provide live super-resolution imaging using light intensity fluctuation methods. Furthermore, due to its compactness, we demonstrate its potential use inside bench-top incubators and high biological safety level environments imaging SARS-CoV-2 viroids. By the development of low-cost instrumentation and by sharing the designs and manuals, the stage for democratizing super-resolution imaging is set.

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cellSTORM—Cost-effective super-resolution on a cellphone using dSTORM

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Octopi: Open configurable high-throughput imaging platform for infectious disease diagnosis in the field

Octopi: Open configurable high-throughput imaging platform for infectious disease diagnosis in the field

UC2 – A Versatile and Customizable low-cost 3D-printed Optical Open-Standard for microscopic imaging

Nanoscopy on the Chea(i)p

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