Cells Responsible for Tumor Surveillance in Man: Effects of Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, and Biologic Response Modifiers

Reizenstein, Peter; Ogier, C; Blomgren, Henric; Petrini, Björn; Wasserman, Jerzy

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5068-5_1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…15 82 Treatment with immunosuppressive agents may in turn reduce the host response to these circulating cells as well as to other proliferating malignant cells by suppressing natural killer cells and lymphokine-activated killer cells. 17,[83][84][85] A chronological review of observations by various authors since 1995 (Table 4) provides insight into the findings that have led to the current status of liver transplantation in cases of HCC. Bismuth et al 86 observed that there was a supplemental risk of death for liver transplant recipients with a diagnosis of cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver transplantation in association with hepatocellular carcinoma: An update of the International Tumor Registry

Molmenti

Klintmalm

2002

Liver Transplantation

122

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Hepatocellular carcinoma is an epithelial tumor derived from hepatocytes that accounts for more than 80% of all primary hepatic tumors. The severity of the underlying disease is almost always the key factor in deciding whether to consider liver resection or transplantation as its treatment. Data in our registry corresponding to almost 800 patients from transplant centers throughout the world showed that patient survival after liver transplantation was significantly affected by histologic grade, tumor size >5 cm, and the presence of positive nodes. Recurrencefree survival showed a correlation with tumor size >5 cm, positive nodes, bilobar spread, and vascular invasion. At the present time, 59% of patients in our registry are alive, 84% of whom are free of tumor. Of those who died, half did so without evidence of tumor. (Liver Transpl 2002;8: 736-748.) P rimary hepatic tumors can be epithelial, mesenchymal, or mixed in nature. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), an epithelial tumor derived from hepatocytes, accounts for more than 80% of all such malignancies. It affects men three times more frequently than women and is almost always associated with underlying hepatic cirrhosis. 1,2 There is a strong association between hepatitis B (HBV) and HCC, especially in non-Western countries. [3][4][5][6] In Western countries, cirrhosis associated with alcoholism and hepatitis C (HCV) infection shows the strongest association. 1,7 When associated with cirrhosis, HCC usually presents as a nodular, encapsulated, and well-circumscribed tumor. In advanced stages it becomes infiltrative or expansile with associated satellite lesions within the liver parenchyma. The right lobe of the liver tends to be involved more frequently than the left lobe. Multifocal tumors may or may not represent independent entities. Bilobar masses are not infrequent. Advanced cases show involvement of the portal vein sometimes manifest by a tumor thrombus. Hematogenous spread is more common than lymphatic dissemination. 1,8,9 Tumor cells may show a wide range of differentiation. 10,11 Ultrasound examination and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels are useful screening tools. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning has a detection rate for HCC lower than 70%. When combined with arteriography, sensitivity increases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially in association with dynamic bolus gadolinium contrast, shows the highest detection rate. 1 Percutaneous fine needle biopsy (2% to 3% incidence of needle tract seeding) allows for histologic confirmation in cases of tumors with inconclusive characteristics. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] At the time of diagnosis, 20% to 60% of small HCCs were found to be multifocal [19][20][21] and up to 30% of tumors in cirrhotic patients were understaged despite elaborate preoperative workups. 22 Materials and MethodsWe recently updated our worldwide registry, which now includes 973 patients, 790 of whom had a diagnosis of HCC. Three percent of these 790 patients had the fibrolamellar type of HCC. Seventy-three percent were male....

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver transplantation in association with hepatocellular carcinoma: An update of the International Tumor Registry

Molmenti

Klintmalm

2002

Liver Transplantation

122

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“…Adjuvant chemotherapy, in addition to its direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, might also attenuate surgery-stimulated tumour cell proliferation and angiogenic surge possibly occurring at distant dormant or indolent micrometastases (Retsky et al, 2004). Furthermore, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may be effective by virtue of its cellular immune suppression and modification of specific host immunerelated mechanisms (Reizenstein et al, 1985;Stewart and Tsai, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the systemic inflammatory response, tumour proliferative activity, T-lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration, microvessel density and survival in patients with primary operable breast cancer

et al. 2008

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The significance of the inter-relationship between tumour and host local/systemic inflammatory responses in primary operable invasive breast cancer is limited. The inter-relationship between the systemic inflammatory response (pre-operative white cell count, C-reactive protein and albumin concentrations), standard clinicopathological factors, tumour T-lymphocytic (CD4 þ and CD8 þ ) and macrophage (CD68 þ ) infiltration, proliferative (Ki-67) index and microvessel density (CD34 þ ) was examined using immunohistochemistry and slide-counting techniques, and their prognostic values were examined in 168 patients with potentially curative resection of early-stage invasive breast cancer. Increased tumour grade and proliferative activity were associated with greater tumour T-lymphocyte (Po0.05) and macrophage (Po0.05) infiltration and microvessel density (Po0.01). The median follow-up of survivors was 72 months. During this period, 31 patients died; 18 died of their cancer. On univariate analysis, increased lymph-node involvement (Po0.01), negative hormonal receptor (Po0.10), lower albumin concentrations (Po0.01), increased tumour proliferation (Po0.05), increased tumour microvessel density (Po0.05), the extent of locoregional control (Po0.0001) and limited systemic treatment (Pp0.01) were associated with cancer-specific survival. On multivariate analysis of these significant covariates, albumin (HR 4.77, 95% CI 1.35 -16.85, P ¼ 0.015), locoregional treatment (HR 3.64, 95% CI 1.04 -12.72, P ¼ 0.043) and systemic treatment (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.23 -4.27, P ¼ 0.009) were significant independent predictors of cancer-specific survival. Among tumour-based inflammatory factors, only tumour microvessel density (Po0.05) was independently associated with poorer cancerspecific survival. The host inflammatory responses are closely associated with poor tumour differentiation, proliferation and malignant disease progression in breast cancer.

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“…It is also of interest to observe that radiation reduces the T-helper cell function, but not that of macrophages or NK cells (Reizenstein et al, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

The response of Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma to IL-2, histamine and radiation

Johansson

Landström²,

Hellstrand³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary A syngeneic, androgen-sensitive Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma was transplanted bilaterally in the flanks of male Copenhagen Fisher rats. Approximately 3 months after implantation, when the tumours had a median volume of 150 mm3, one group of rats was treated with histamine alone (4 mg kg-1 subcutaneously on week days), another group with human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone (425 IU kg-' continuous infusion) and a third group with both histamine and IL-2 during 6 weeks. Tumours on one flank were irradiated (6 Gy once daily for 3 days to a total dose of 18 Gy) beginning 1 week after the onset of treatment with histamine and / or IL-2. The contralateral tumour served as the intra-animal control. The tumour volumes were determined weekly. The growth curves showed that all three drug treatments were effective in delaying growth, but when used individually did not cause tumour shrinkage. Radiation was the most effective single agent, but when used alone the shrinkage did not occur until 2 weeks after irradiation. When combined with the drugs, more rapid and extensive growth delay and/or shrinkage was seen. The growth curves showed clear differences between the different treatments. The combination of the three agents was the most effective of all. The most striking difference between radiation alone and radiation plus biotherapy was the time at which a tumour response was detectable. Thus, active biotherapy alone and especially in a combination with histamine and radiotherapy warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic approach to prostate cancer.

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Cells Responsible for Tumor Surveillance in Man: Effects of Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, and Biologic Response Modifiers

Cited by 8 publications

References 84 publications

Liver transplantation in association with hepatocellular carcinoma: An update of the International Tumor Registry

Liver transplantation in association with hepatocellular carcinoma: An update of the International Tumor Registry

The relationship between the systemic inflammatory response, tumour proliferative activity, T-lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration, microvessel density and survival in patients with primary operable breast cancer

The response of Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma to IL-2, histamine and radiation

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