Cells of origin of spinal projections from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in the chicken

Naito, Jumpei; Ishikawa, Hirohisa; Ohmori, Yasushige; Watanabe, Tadashi

doi:10.1016/s0165-1838(96)00077-x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Whether such immune-to-brain communication results in location-specific modulation of immunological activities by the CNS remains to be determined. It is intriguing to note that somatosensory input may travel via the underappreciated spinal-hypothalamic tract to stimulate PVN neurons (Cliffer et al, 1991) and there are discrete efferent projections from individual cells of PVN to separate segments of the spinal cord (Naito et al, 1996). These pathways make it possible that local inflammation could signal the CNS at PVN which sends neural signals back to the site of inflammation, thereby modulating local immune responses by an integrated neuroimmune loop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location-specific activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus by localized inflammation

Belevych

Buchanan

Chen

et al. 2010

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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The existence of an immunological homunculus has been proposed, but evidence for location-specific response of the central nervous system to immunological stimulation is lacking. In this study, we show that inflammation induced by injection of casein into one of the hindlimbs causes c-fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in an asymmetrical manner: much stronger activation is always induced in the contralateral PVN. Unilateral sciatic nerve transection abolished the casein-induced PVN activation if casein was injected into the hindlimb with the nerve transection, but had no effect if casein was injected into the hindlimb with intact nerve innervation. Injection of casein into one the forelimbs also caused contralateral PNV activation. Further, stronger PVN activation was found in the anterior PVN after the forelimb injection, but in the posterior PVN after the hindlimb injection. Casein-induced PVN activation is absent in IL-1R1 KO, IL-6 KO, TNFα KO, and in C3H/HeJ (TLR4 mutant) animals. In comparison, injection of LPS, a systemic inflammagen, into one hindlimb induced bilateral PVN activation but injection of live E. coli into one hindlimb induced contralateral PVN activation. These results support the notion that local inflammation may activate the PVN by neural routes in a location-specific manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%