Cell wall studies on budding bacteria of the Planctomyces/Pasteuria group and on a Prosthecomicrobium sp.

König, Enrico; Schlesner, Heinz; Hirsch, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf00402120

Cited by 152 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, the authors demonstrated that biomarkers of outer membrane biogenesis are highly expressed. The hypothesis of an outer membrane in planctomycetes at least will need rigorous experimental test, considering the highly proteinaceous composition already determined in past studies of this group (König et al 1984), and consistent with another result at the Workshop, that of Muriel van Teeseling showing an S-layer type of lattice reminiscent of those in archaeal cell walls as a major cell wall component in the anammox K. stuttgartiensis.…”

Section: Health-and Industrial Implicationssupporting

confidence: 59%

The 1st EMBO workshop on PVC bacteria—Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia–Chlamydiae superphylum: Exceptions to the bacterial definition?

Devos

Jogler

Fuerst

2013

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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The PVC superphylum is a phylogenetically supported collection of various related bacterial phyla that comprise unusual characteristics and traits. The 'PVC' abbreviation derives from Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chlamydiae as members of this superphylum, while additional bacterial phyla are related. There has recently been increasing and exciting interest in the cell biology, physiology and ecology of members of this superphylum, including evolutionary implications of the complex cell organization of some species. It is timely that international researchers in the PVC superphylum field met to discuss these developments. The first meeting entirely dedicated to those bacteria, the EMBO workshop ''PVC superphylum: Exceptions to the bacterial definition'' was held at the Heidelberg University to catalyze the formation of a vital scientific community supporting PVC-bacterial research. More than 45 investigators from more than 20 countries (PIs, senior scientists and students) attended the meeting and produced a great starting point for future collaborative research. This Special Issue will focus on the EMBO-PVC meeting. This Perspective briefly summarizes the history of PVC-research, focusing on the key findings and provides a brief summary of the meeting with a focus on the major questions that arose during discussion and that might influence the research in the years to come.

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Section: Health-and Industrial Implicationssupporting

confidence: 59%

The 1st EMBO workshop on PVC bacteria—Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia–Chlamydiae superphylum: Exceptions to the bacterial definition?

Devos

Jogler

Fuerst

2013

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…Taken together, these data indicate that the members of the genus Prosthecobacter have peptidoglycan cell walls. Since all known members of the Planctomyces and Chlamydia phyla lack peptidoglycan cell walls (22), the presence of peptidoglycan in the genus Prosthecobacter supports a phylogenetic branching scheme in which the genus Prosthecobacter diverged before the genera Planctomyces and Chlamydia diverged.…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 76%

Phylogeny of Prosthecobacter, the Fusiform Caulobacters: Members of a Recently Discovered Division of the Bacteria

Hedlund

Gosink²,

Staley³

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Pros~hecobacter~siformis is morphologically similar to caulobacters; however, it lacks a dimorphic life cycle. To determine the relatedness of the genus Prosthecobacter to dimorphic caulobacters and other prosthecate members of the (Y subgroup of the Proteobacteria (a-Proteobacteria), we isolated and sequenced 16s rRNA genes from four Prosthecobacter strains. Surprisingly, the results of phylogenetic analyses placed the fusiform caulobacters in a deeply rooted division of the Bacteria that was most closely affiliated with the PlanctomycesChlamydia group and only distantly related to the a-Proteobacteria. The genus Prosthecobacter shares a common lineage in this division with Vermcornicrobiurn spinosum, a polyprosthecate, heterotrophic bacterium. Consistent with this phylogenetic placement, menaquinones were isolated from Prosthecobacter strains and menaquinones have been isolated from Vermcornicrobiurn strains and planctomycetes but not from members of the a-Proteobacteria. Thus, the genus Prosthecobacter is a second genus in the recently described order Verrucornicrobiales. Members of the genus Prosthecobacter are susceptible to p-lactam antibiotics and contain rnesodiaminopimelic acid, indicating that they, unlike members of the Planctomycetales or Chlamydiales, have peptidoglycan cell walls. This major phenotypic difference, together with the phylogenetic independence of the verrucomicrobia, indicates that these bacteria and the sources of related 16s ribosomal DNAs obtained from soils, freshwater, and the marine pelagic environment represent an unrecognized division of the Bacteria.Prosthecae are narrow extensions of the cell wall that contain cytoplasm (49). The most widely known prosthecate bacteria are the caulobacters. Collectively, the caulobacters were defined as rod-shaped or vibrioid heterotrophs that possess single, polar, unbranched prosthecae and divide by transverse fission (19). Prototypical caulobacters have a dimorphic life cycle (53). Each cell divides asymmetrically, producing a nonprosthecate, motile swarmer cell and a sessile, prosthecate cell; the swarmer cell develops a prostheca, there is a concomitant loss of motility, and the cell subsequently divides. These bacteria are placed in the genera Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis on the basis of whether the cells have polar or subpolar prosthecae (34,36).In contrast, a caulobacter that Henrici and Johnson called the fusiform caulobacter divides symmetrically, and each resulting cell possesses a prostheca at the time of division (19). Furthermore, neither cell is motile. The cells of this caulobacter remain attached at the divisional pole following fission; thus, the daughter cells form mirror images of one another.Whereas dimorphic caulobacters were isolated as early as 1905 (21) and 1914 (33), pure cultures of the fusiform caulobacter were not obtained until the 1970s. The following four strains were isolated: FC1 (= ATCC 27091), FC2, FC3, and FC4T (= ATCC 25309T) (T = type strain) (8,51). Although all of these organisms are freshwater isolat...

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“…Correlated with this absence of evolutionary relationship are the differences in the chemistry of the cell wall and the sensitivity to antibiotics directed against the synthesis of peptidoglycan (9,16). Thus, the occurrence of noncellular stalklike structures and of crateriform structures combined with budding reproduction in Porphyrobacter strains appears to be an interesting example of phenotypic convergence, perhaps reflecting habitat similarities, rather than a reflection of phylogenetic relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrobacter neustonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an Aerobic Bacteriochlorophyll-Synthesizing Budding Bacterium from Fresh Water

Fuerst

Hawkins

Holmes

et al. 1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

122

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Four strains of orange-or red-pigmented bacteria isolated from freshwater surfaces were shown to synthesize bacteriochlorophyll under aerobic conditions. These strains shared unusual morphological features, such as acellular stalks, crateriformlike structures, and buds, with bacteria in the order Plunctomycetules. However, comparisons of 16s rRNA sequences showed them to be members of the (11-4 subdivision of the class Proteobucteriu and most closely related to the marine aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-synthesizing bacterium Erythrobacter longus. They also differ from members of the Plunctomycetules phenotypically in their synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and possession of a peptidoglycan cell wall. They can be distinguished from E. longus on the basis of their 16s rRNA sequence, the G+C content of their DNA, cellular fatty acid composition, and carbon substrate spectrum. A new genus, Porphyrobucter, with a single species, P. neustonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for these strains. The type strain is ACM 2844.Classical anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria typically exhibit repression of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis under aerobic conditions. Strains of several bacterial genera have however been shown to synthesize bacteriochlorophyll under aerobic conditions. Such bacteria include Erythrobacter longus (12, 41), "Erythrobacter sibericus" (61), Roseobacter litoralis and Roseobacter denitrificans (formerly Elythrobacter strain OCh 114) (40), Methylobacterium species (34), Rhodospirillum centenum (60), mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (19,44), and the stem-nodulating Rhizobium strain BTAi 1 (6). The hot-spring mat bacterium Heliothk oregonensis may also synthesize bacteriochlorophyll aerobically under in situ conditions in nature, although this bacterium has not been grown in pure culture (29,30). Microorganisms of this physiological type have been referred to as the aerobic photosynthetic bacteria, with exclusion of the cyanobacteria being understood (39). Some are capable of photophosphorylation and may even possess photosynthetic reaction centers, although they appear not to be phototrophic (10,24,26,38,42,52).We have isolated bacteria capable of synthesizing bacteriochlorophyll under aerobic conditions from fresh water. These bacteria thus bear superficial resemblance to Erythrobacter species including the marine E. longus and the freshwater "E. sibericus." However, our freshwater strains also share some morphological and ultrastructural features with a distinctive group of budding bacteria distant from the class Proteobacteria, the planctomycetes. They display budding reproduction in a similar manner to that seen in the planctomycetes, produce some form of noncellular multifibrillar stalk or fascicle, and possess negative stain-collecting pits in the cell surface, termed crateriform structures, thought to be specific to planctomycetes (36). The phylogenetic possibility thus arose that these bacteria might be related to a quite distinct phylum of eubacteria distant from the Proteobacteria and furthermore on...

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Cell wall studies on budding bacteria of the Planctomyces/Pasteuria group and on a Prosthecomicrobium sp.

Cited by 152 publications

References 16 publications

The 1st EMBO workshop on PVC bacteria—Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia–Chlamydiae superphylum: Exceptions to the bacterial definition?

The 1st EMBO workshop on PVC bacteria—Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia–Chlamydiae superphylum: Exceptions to the bacterial definition?

Phylogeny of Prosthecobacter, the Fusiform Caulobacters: Members of a Recently Discovered Division of the Bacteria

Porphyrobacter neustonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an Aerobic Bacteriochlorophyll-Synthesizing Budding Bacterium from Fresh Water

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