Cell wall modifications, degrading enzymes and softening of carambola fruit during ripening

Chin, Lieng-Hong

doi:10.1093/jexbot/50.335.767

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The significant reduction effects of ethylene absorbents on LOX activity in plums may be ascribed to their effects on delaying the ripening process by absorbing the ethylene produced inside the box. Further, LOX activity increased progressively with the increase in storage period in both the stages of maturity, the maximum being on the 15th day of storage, which might be due to progressive increase in fruit senescence with the storage period [19,20].…”

Section: Effects On Biochemical Parameters 341 Lipoxygenase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other absorbents (KMnO 4 -impregnated chalks and newspaper shreds) showed intermediate results for PG activity in both stages of maturity (figure 5) (P ≤ 0.05). The PG activity showed a continuous increase with the increase in storage period in both stages of maturity, the maximum being on the 15th day of storage, which might be due to progressive increase in fruit senescence and fruit softening [19,20].…”

Section: S Sharma Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the 15th day of storage (figure 6). Progressive increase in PME activity with the increase in storage period in both the stages of maturity may be ascribed to progressive softening of plums with increased storage period [19,20].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene absorbents influence fruit firmness and activity of enzymes involved in fruit softening of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindell) cv. Santa Rosa

Sharma¹,

Sharma²,

Pal³

et al. 2012

Fruits

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Ethylene absorbents influence fruit firmness and activity of enzymes involved in fruit softening of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindell) cv. Santa Rosa.Abstract -Introduction. Plum cv. Santa Rosa shows climacteric behaviour and grows profitably under sub-temperate conditions in India. After ripening, it has a very limited shelf life (3-4 days) in ambient conditions [(38 ± 2)°C and at (68 ± 4)% RH]. Hence, there is an urgent need to extend its marketability using recent techniques. Materials and methods. Plums were harvested at the pre-climacteric and climacteric stages of maturity and packed with newspaper shreds (control), KMnO 4 -impregnated chalks, KMnO 4 -impregnated newspaper shreds or ethylene-absorbent sachets; then they were transported by road to New Delhi. The biochemical and physiological analyses were carried out at 3-day intervals on plums stored in supermarket conditions [(20 ± 1)°C and at (90 ± 2)% RH] for 15 days. Results and discussion. Untreated fruits had less firmness than those which were packed with ethylene absorbents. The activities of fruit-softening enzymes such as lipoxygenase (LOX), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) increased rapidly in the control treatment in comparison with plums packed with various ethylene absorbents, the least being either with ethyleneabsorbent sachets or with KMnO 4 -impregnated newspaper shreds. Plums of pre-climacteric and climacteric maturity attained respiration and ethylene evolution peaks on the 9th day and 6th day, respectively. Conclusions. The plums of pre-climacteric and climacteric stages of maturity packed with ethylene-absorbent sachets showed the best results in supermarket conditions in maintaining the firmness, quality and shelf life of plum up to the 12th day and 9th day of storage, respectively. Les activités des enzymes de ramollissement des fruits comme la lipoxygénase (LOX), la polygalacturonase (PG) et la pectine méthylestérase (PME) ont augmenté rapidement dans les fruits témoins par rapport à ceux qui avaient été emballés avec les différents matériaux absorbeurs d'éthylène, ces activités étant moindres pour les prunes emballées soit avec les sachets d'absorbeurs d'éthylène, soit avec des lanières de journaux imprégnées de KMnO 4 . Les prunes aux stades de maturité pré-climatérique et climatérique ont atteint leurs pics de respiration et d'évolution de l'éthylène le 9e jour et 6e jour, respectivement. Conclusion. Les prunes japonaises récoltées à des stades de maturité pré-climatérique et climatérique, emballées en présence de sachets absorbeurs d'éthylène et stockées en conditions de supermarchés, ont donné les meilleurs résultats pour le maintien de la fermeté, de la qualité et de la durée de vie des fruits jusqu'au 12 e jour et 9 e jour de stockage, respectivement. India /

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Section: Effects On Biochemical Parameters 341 Lipoxygenase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Sharma Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene absorbents influence fruit firmness and activity of enzymes involved in fruit softening of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindell) cv. Santa Rosa

Sharma¹,

Sharma²,

Pal³

et al. 2012

Fruits

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show abstract

“…The data generated by these studies (acute, short-term, and chronic toxicity) are then to be submitted to the respective food and drug administrative bodies of the country for approval. Many gums and mucilages are however obtained from edible sources such as mango (Mangifera indica L., family Anacardiaceae), papaya (Carica papaya L., family Caricaceae), banana (Musa acuminata, family Musaceae), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L., family Oxalidaceae), and guava (Psidium guajava L., family Myrtaceae) (Chin et al 1999), and this makes them a suitable candidate for use in oral drug delivery applications where the toxicity-related regulatory issues can be easily addressed on the ground of their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Applications of Various Natural Gums

Deshmukh¹,

Aminabhavi²

2014

Polysaccharides

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Gums are the important ingredients in many pharmaceutical preparations owing to their biodegradability, abundant availability, non-toxicity, and low cost. In today's scenario, these are competing with many synthetic polymers for use as various pharmaceutical products and have made a remarkable journey from just being an excipient to novel drug delivery carriers. Particularly, the better understanding of their physiochemical properties and establishment of safety profile data has attracted researchers and pharmaceutical industries worldwide to unveil the hidden potential of natural gums. Although modification of natural gums has generated the entirely new class of polymeric materials useful in advanced drug delivery applications, exploration of natural gums in the design for development of nanomedicine and gene therapy has widened their applications as novel delivery materials. In this chapter, we have highlighted both basic and novel pharmaceutical applications of natural gums along with their future potential.

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“…The process of ripening and softening was delayed in transgenic anti-PG tomato [7] . PG was testified to be a cell wall hydrolase in fruit softening and its effect on softening was mainly manifested in the late ripening [8] . Recent studies indicate that many new genes were involved in fruit ripening and softening, such as the extension of protein (expansin, EXP) [9] , lipoxygenase (LOX) [10] , pectin lyase (pectate lyases) [11] , and β-galactosidase [12] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of ethylene on polygalacturonase, lipoxygenase and expansin in ripening of tomato fruits

Xue

Kou

Luo

et al. 2009

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Abstract：Fruit ripening is a complex process and is regulated by many factors. Ethylene and polygalacturonase (PG), lipoxygenase(LOX), expansin(EXP) are all critical regulating factors in fruit ripening and softening process. With antisense ACS tomato, Nr mutant tomato and cultivated tomato as materials, Northern blot hybridization showed that PG, LeEXP1 and LOX expressed differently in different parts of cultivated tomato fruit during ripening, which was related to fruit ripening. The ripening process of columella and radial pericarp was faster than pericarp. In both Nr mutant and antisense ACS transgenic tomato fruit, expression levels of PG, LeEXP1 and LOX were generally lower than those in cultivated fruit but still related to fruit ripening. The expression levels of PG, LeEXP1 and LOX increased in the mature green tomato fruits after 0.5 h treatment with ethylene (100 µL/L). These results indicate that gene expression of PG, LeEXP1 and LOX were positively regulated by ethylene. The time and cumulative effect of the concentration exists in the expression of PG regulated by ethylene. The regulation of LOX expression mainly depended on the fruit development after great amount of ethylene was produced. PG played a major role in ripening and softening of tomato fruit, and cooperated with the regulation of EXP and LOX.

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Cell wall modifications, degrading enzymes and softening of carambola fruit during ripening

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Ethylene absorbents influence fruit firmness and activity of enzymes involved in fruit softening of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindell) cv. Santa Rosa

Ethylene absorbents influence fruit firmness and activity of enzymes involved in fruit softening of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindell) cv. Santa Rosa

Pharmaceutical Applications of Various Natural Gums

Effect of ethylene on polygalacturonase, lipoxygenase and expansin in ripening of tomato fruits

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